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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar wind at the turn of the century (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 626-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] That the solar cycle variations of sunspot number and geomagnetic or auroral activity are different has been known for some time. Fritz4 first noted that the auroral cycle lags the sunspot cycle. More recently, spectral analyses of the magnetic activity index Ap and sunspot number show that both ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275626a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    JPL proton model (1989)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 40 (1992), S. 571-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(92)90250-R
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar wind: Advances in our knowledge through two solar cycles
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 9 (1989), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(89)90100-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar proton events during solar cycles 19, 20, and 21 (1990)
    Springer
    Solar physics 126 (1990), S. 385-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solar proton events have been studied for over thirty years and a great deal of lore has grown around them. It is the purpose of this paper to test some of this lore against the actual data. Data on solar proton events now exist for the period from 1956 to 1985 during which time 140 events took place in which the event integrated fluxes for protons of energy 〉 30 MeV was larger than 105 particles cm-2. We have studied statistical properties of event integrated fluxes for particles with energy 〉 10 MeV and for particles with energy 〉 30 MeV. Earlier studies based on a single solar cycle had resulted in a sharp division of events into ‘ordinary’ and ‘anomalously large’ events.Two such entirely separate distributions imply two entirely separate acceleration mechanisms, one common and the other very rare. We find that the sharp division is neither required nor justified by this larger sample. Instead the event intensity forms a smooth distribution for intensities up to the largest observed implying that any second acceleration mechanism cannot be rare. We have also studied the relation of event sizes to the sunspot number and the solar cycle phase. We find a clear bimodal variation of annual integrated flux with solar cycle phase but no statistically significant tendency for the large events to avoid sunspot maximum. We show there is almost no relation between the maximum sunspot number in a solar cycle and the solar cycle integrated flux. We also find that for annual sunspot numbers greater than 35 (i.e., non-minimum solar cycle conditions) there is no relation whatsoever between the annual sunspot numbers and annual integrated flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Period and phase of the 88-year solar cycle and the Maunder minimum: Evidence for a chaotic sun (1990)
    Springer
    Solar physics 127 (1990), S. 393-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of whether the solar dynamo is quasi-periodic or chaotic is addressed by examining 1500 years of sunspot, geomagnetic and auroral activity cycles. We find sub-harmonics of the fundamental solar cycle period during the years preceding the Maunder minimum and loss of phase of the subharmonic on emergence from it. These phenomena are indicative of chaos. They indicate that the solar dynamo is chaotic and is operating in a region close to the transition between period doubling and chaos. Since Maunder type minima reoccur irregularly for millennia, it appears that the Sun remains close to this transition to and from chaos. We postulate this as a universal characteristic of solar type stars caused by feedback in the dynamo number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152176
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodicities in the occurrence rate of solar proton events (1990)
    Springer
    Solar physics 128 (1990), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Power spectral analyses of the time series of solar proton events during the past three solar cycles reveal a periodicity around 154 days. This feature is prominent in all of the cycles combined, cycles 19 and 21 individually but is only weak in cycle 20. These results are consistent with the presence of similar periodicities between 152 and 155 days in the occurrence rate of major solar flares, the sunspot blocking function (P s ), the 10.7 cm radio flux (F 10.7) and the sunspot number (R z ). This suggests that the circa 154-days periodicity may be a fundamental characteristic of the Sun. Periods around 50–52 days are also found in the combined data set and in the three individual cycles in general agreement with the detection of this periodicity in major flares in cycle 19 and inP s ,F 10.7, andR z in cycle 21. The cause of the 155 day period remains unknown. The spectra contain lines (or show power at frequencies) consistent with a model in which the periodicity is caused by differential rotation of active zones and a model in which it is related to beat frequencies between solar oscillations, as proposed by Wolff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838476
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power-law distribution for solar energetic proton events (1996)
    Springer
    Solar physics 165 (1996), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of the time-integrated fluxes of solar energetic particle events during the period 1965–1990 show that the differential distribution of events with flux F is given by a power law, with indices between 1.2 and 1.4 depending on energy. The power law represents a good fit over three to four orders of magnitude in fluence. Similar power-law distributions have been found for peak proton and electron fluxes, X-ray flares and radio and type III bursts. At fluences greater than 109 cm−2, the slope of the distribution steepens and beyond 1010 cm−2 the power-law index is estimated to be 3.5. At energies greater than 10 MeV, the slope of the distribution was found to be essentially independent of solar cycle, when the active years of solar cycles 20, 21, and 22 were analysed. The results presented are the first for a complete period of 27 years, covering nearly 3 complete solar cycles. Other new aspects of the results include the invariance of the exponent with solar cycle and also with integral energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149718
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