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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistency of self-administered and interview-based Addiction Severity Index composite scores (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims. This study assesses the viability of a self-administered version of the Addiction Severity Index for monitoring substance abuse patients' functioning. Design and measurements. Patients completed the ASI interview and a self-administered questionnaire containing ASI composite items an average of 4 days apart. Composite scores from both formats were compared using correlations and mean differences. Participants and setting. Participants were 316 veterans entering substance abuse treatment in a US Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. Findings. Composite scores for alcohol, drug, psychiatric, family, legal and employment problems correlated 0.59-0.87 across formats. Patients endorsed more drug use and psychiatric symptoms by questionnaire than by interview. Medical composite scores correlated only 0.47 across formats. Conclusions. This study and previous research suggest that a self-administered questionnaire can be a feasible alternative to ASI interviews for monitoring substance abuse patients' treatment outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95341912.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations in using existing alcohol treatment trials to develop practice guidelines (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In recent years, substantial efforts have been made to identify "best practices" and develop comprehensive practice guidelines for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders and medical conditions, based on systematic, often quantitative reviews of the existing intervention research. There probably are more than 300 comparative treatment trials that have been conducted in the alcohol field. With this large body of research, one might think the development of alcohol treatment guidelines would be a straightforward task. Unfortunately, that is not the case. Four problems are discussed with the "box-score" reviews that have been conducted thus far to identify effective alcohol treatment modalities. At least two of these problems are fundamental barriers to determining the relative efficacy or effectiveness of alcohol treatment modalities even in "meta-analyses" with "effect sizes". These impediments are discussed, as is how future alcohol treatment trials could be conducted so that their findings would more readily inform practice guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951014914.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TREATMENT AND ITS CORRELATES IN THE NESARC (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01019.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eEFectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment for alcohol abuse: efifect sizes, research design issues and explanatory mechanisms (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 91 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03810.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment for alcohol abuse: the need to focus on mediators and moderators of setting effects (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 91 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Previous reviews have concluded that there was no evidence for the superiority of inpatient over outpatient treatment of alcohol abuse, although particular types of patients might be more effectively treated in inpatient settings. In this review, we first consider the conceptual rationales that have been offered to support inpatient and outpatient treatment. Following that, the results of the relevant research on setting effects are presented. Five studies had significant setting effects favoring inpatient treatment, two studies found day hospital to be significantly more effective than inpatient treatment, and seven studies yielded no significant differences on drinking-related outcome variables. In all but one instance in which a significant effect emerged, patients in the ‘superior’ setting received more intensive treatment and patients were not ‘preselected’ for their willingness to accept random assignment to treatment in either setting. Studies finding significant setting effects also conducted more treatment contrasts (18.6 vs. 4.9), on average, and had a mean statistical power level of 0.71 (median 0.79) to detect a medium-sized effect, whereas studies with no significant findings had an average power level of 0.55 (median 0.57). When inpatient treatment teas found to be more effective, outpatients did not receive a respite in the form of inpatient detoxification and the studies were slightly less likely to have social stability inclusion criteria and to use random assignment to treatment settings. We consider the implications of our findings for future research, especially the need to examine the conceptual rationales put forward by proponents of inpatient and outpatient treatment, i.e. mediators and moderators of setting effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.911217733.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explaining abstinence rates following treatment for alcohol abuse: a quantitative synthesis of patient, research design and treatment effects (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 91 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We examined the relationships of treatment, patient and research design characteristics to treatment outcome (i.e. abstinence rates) in a sample of 150 treatment conditions drawn from 100 alcohol treatment outcome studies published between 1980 and 1992. Treatment characteristics were related to abstinence rates: more intensive treatments had higher abstinence rates than less intensive treatments, whereas treatments with an expressed goal other than abstinence had lower abstinence rates than treatments with an abstinence goal. When the public vs. private ownership status of the treatment facility was taken into account, the presence of behavioral elements in the treatment condition also was related to higher abstinence rates. Because of inconsistent reporting in primary studies, we assessed the effects of only one patient pre-treatment characteristic; treatment conditions with a higher proportion of socially stable patients had better outcomes. Research design characteristics were also related to abstinence rates. Treatment conditions with shorter follow-ups and treatments drawn from studies that did not use criteria to exclude more impaired subjects had better outcomes. We discuss possible reasons why our findings regarding the effects of treatment intensity and the use of exclusionary criteria differ from those in previous reviews.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.9167876.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entering treatment for alcohol abuse: a stress and coping model (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 90 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This study used a stress and coping model to examine the process of entering treatment among 515 problem drinkers without prior formal treatment for alcohol abuse mho were recruited at alcoholism information/referral (I&R) and detoxification centers. Over a 1-year follow-up period, 76% of the individuals in the sample entered some form of treatment, including Alcoholics Anonymous. People were more likely to enter treatment if they perceived their drinking problem as more severe, had more dependence symptoms, experienced more adverse consequences as a result of drinking, had more symptoms of depression, were more self-derogating, experienced more negative life events in the past year, and/or experienced more stressors in various life domains. Facilitative factors also related positively to treatment entry: people who had sought help from non-formal treatment sources before, who recalled being referred to treatment programs by and I & R center, and/or who received detoxification at a center that had treatment services available on-site, also were more likely to enter treatment. For people with greater resources in multiple life domains the positive effects of days intoxicated, dependence symptoms and stressors on help-seeking were intensified. Overall, the findings suggest that perceived severity of drinking problem plays a central role in the treatment entry process and mediates the effects of many other intrapersonal and environmental variables in generating an impetus or readiness to seek treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.90912237.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender differences in help-utilization and the 8-year course of alcohol abuse (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare initially untreated women and men problem drinkers on help-utilization and outcomes over 8 years.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Design and participantsAt the time of the 8-year follow-up, individuals (N = 466, 49% female) had self-selected into four groups: no help, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) only, formal treatment only or formal treatment plus AA.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉MeasurementsAt baseline and 1, 3 and 8 years later, participants completed measures of drinking and functioning.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉FindingsWomen were generally worse off than men on baseline drinking and functioning indices. In keeping with their poorer baseline status, women were more likely to participate in AA, and had longer in-patient stays during the next year. When women's baseline status was controlled, women had better outcomes than did men at 1 and 8 years. Generally, women and men did not differ on the extent to which obtaining help, or a particular type of help, was related to improved outcomes. Regarding drinking outcomes, women benefited more than did men from more AA attendance during years 2–8 of follow-up.〈section xml:id="abs1-6"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThe results suggest that although alcoholism interventions were designed primarily for men, they are currently delivered in ways that are also useful to women. Problem-drinking women appear to benefit from sustained participation in AA, which emphasizes bonding with supportive peers to maintain abstinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00099.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodological characteristics and quality of alcohol treatment outcome studies, 1970–98: an expanded evaluation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims To examine the methodological quality of the research literature examining treatment for alcohol use disorders.Design In total, 701 studies first reported between 1970 and 1998 were evaluated with a scoring system covering 19 areas of research quality.Findings Methodological quality improved from a score of 8.2 out of a possible 28.5 in the 1970s, to 10.6 in the 1990s. Strengths included reporting the initial number of participants and conducting follow-ups of 12 months or longer. Although the percentage of studies with adequate power also increased overall, the average statistical power of comparative studies to detect a medium-sized treatment effect was low (0.54).Conclusions Areas with room for improvement include: ensuring that follow-up data are collected when respondents are not under the influence of alcohol, testing for differential dropout among treatment groups with respect to participant background characteristics, reporting the number of individuals being treated in the programs from which samples are drawn, noting the reliability and validity of measures used and conducting process analyses to examine potential mechanisms underlying treatment effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00017.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual diagnosis patients in substance abuse treatment: relationship of general coping and substance-specific coping to 1-year outcomes (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 94 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims. This study examined general and substance-specific coping skills and their relationship to treatment climate, continuing care and 1-year post-treatment functioning among dual diagnosis patients (i.e. co-occurrence of substance use and psychiatric disorders). Design. In a prospective multi-site study, dual diagnosis patients participating in substance abuse treatment were assessed at intake, discharge and at a 1-year follow-up. Setting. Patients were recruited from 15 substance abuse treatment programs, which were selected from a larger pool of 174 inpatient treatment programs in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Participants. A total of 981 male dual diagnosis patients participated in the study. Measurements. Assessments included general and substance-specific coping skills, treatment climate, continuing outpatient care, abstinence and clinically significant psychiatric symptoms. Findings. Dual diagnosis patients modestly improved on general and substance-specific coping skills over the 1-year follow-up period. Patients who were in programs with a 'dual diagnosis treatment climate' and who participated in more 12-Step self-help groups showed slightly more gains in adaptive coping. Both general and substance-specific coping were associated with abstinence, but only general coping was associated with freedom from significant psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions. Enhancing general and substance-specific coping skills in substance abuse treatment may reduce dual diagnosis patients' post-treatment substance use and improve their psychological functioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.941218056.x
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