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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/purpose: Sensitive skin has been described as a skin type with higher reactivity than normal skin and exaggerated reactions to external irritants. Washing with soaps is harmful for barrier-related parameters. Cutaneous irritation induced by cleansing products under exaggerated test conditions, e.g. patch testing, is not necessarily predictive of the irritation occurring under standardized daily use conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of an improved washing solution for sensitive skin in a half-site comparison on barrier-related parameters.Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers with self-reported sensitive and so-called problematic skin performed standardized washings with a soap-free washing emulsion with mild acidity (pH 5.5) for 3 weeks. Test areas were both forearms and the cheek. Non-invasive biophysical measurements of the following skin parameters, epidermal permeability barrier function measured as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, pH value, skin surface lipids, skin temperature and SC integrity/cohesion, were assessed prior to the first washing, on days 7, 14 and 21 after beginning the washing procedure. SC cohesion was quantified using two independent methods on D-Squame tapes: optical spectroscopy measuring the absorbance and a protein assay assessing the total protein (Bradford). Both methods showed a good correlation. SC integrity was quantified by measuring TEWL after sequential stripping with D-Squame tapes.Results: The use of the washing emulsion led to a mild damage of the epidermal permeability barrier function with no marked difference to water application. Furthermore, a mild but significant dehydration was assessed after 21 days vs. baseline without any differences between the water-treated and the washing emulsion-treated forearm. On the cheek no dehydration was detectable but the lipid content was reduced under the washing emulsion. The pH value increased in all three test areas after 21 days, again without significant differences between water and the washing solution. SC cohesion was quantified using two independent methods on D-Squame tapes: optical spectroscopy measuring the absorbance and a protein assay assessing the total protein (Bradford). Both methods showed a good correlation. The SC cohesion decreased after 21 days on the water-treated as well as on the washing emulsion-treated arm. The decrease over time was significant when used the optical spectroscopy measuring. A standardized questionnaire revealed positive characteristics of the washing emulsion and good acceptance.Conclusion: The investigated standardized washing model with the endpoints epidermal barrier function, SC hydration, surface pH, skin surface lipids, skin temperature and SC integrity/cohesion showed only mild damage comparable to washing with water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 305 (1996), S. 65-102 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: 11R33 ; 11G40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 1369-1370 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At early first meiotic metaphase in a male-only flowering tree from Trinidad, I counted 22 strongly contracted chromosome bodies. These bivalents, in polar view as well as in side view, were often slightly sub-divided into two halves, thus in end view showing a quadripartite structure (Fig. 1). In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 189 (1967), S. 180-186 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Summenaktionspotential (SAP) vom runden Fenster der Meerschweinchenschnecke abgeleitet und das Adaptationsverhalten gezeigt. Wird weißes Rauschen auf das kontralaterale Ohr gegeben, tritt keine Beeinflussung der N1- Amplitude ein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 190 (1968), S. 24-35 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 18 Meerschweinchen verschieden starken Kohlenmonoxydeinwirkungen ausgesetzt und die Mikrophon- und Summenaktionspotentiale (MP, SAP) bis zu 60 min nach der Vergiftung gemessen. Nach einer CO-Exposition (1%) von 45 min Dauer zeigte sich ein irreversibler Abfall des SAP auf ein Viertel des Ausgangswertes und eine reversible Depression des MP um 3–4 dB. Eine Kontrollgruppe von sechs Tieren zeigte diese Veränderungen nicht. Eine kürzere Expositionsdauer (10 min) ergab selbst bei etwas höherer CO-Konzentration (1,2%) keine Veränderungen der elektrischen Aktivität der Cochlea.
    Notes: Summary Exposure of 18 guinea-pigs to various concentrations of carbon monoxide was followed by measurements of microphonics and action potentials (MP, SAP) which were carried out up to 60 min after poisoning. With 45 min exposure to 1% carbon monoxide an irreversible SAP decrease down to one fourth of initial value was observed concomitant with a reversible MP depression of about 3 to 4 db. Additional control tests on 6 animals failed to show the same behaviour. Shorter times of exposure (10 min) revealed no change of the cochlear potentials despite the somewhat increased carbon monoxide concentration of 1.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 190 (1968), S. 229-243 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurde gezeigt, daß sich vom menschlichen Ohr Mikrophonpotentiale (MP) ableiten lassen. Die Ableitung erfolgte bei operativen Eingriffen und während mikroskopischer Ohruntersuchungen bei Patienten mit Trommelfellperforationen. Die einzig mögliche Ableitungsstelle ist bei dem von einer dicken knöchernen Kapsel umgebenen menschlichen Labyrinth das runde Fenster. Eine Ableitung vom Promontorium ist nicht möglich. Die bei hoher Schallstärke erreichten Intensitäten der menschlichen Mikrophonpotentiale sind wesentlich niedriger als bei denjenigen Tierspecies, die für tierexperimentelle elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen verwendet werden (Meerschweinchen, Katzen usw.). Die höchsten Intensitäten wurden bei 2000 Hz gefunden. Bei stärkerer Blutung, Sekret oder Granulationen in der Paukenhöhle sind durch elektrische Nebenschlußwirkungen keine positiven Ableitungsergebrnisse zu erwarten. Es zeigte sich, daß zwischen der Intensität des Reizfolgestromes und dem schwellenaudiometrisch bestimmten Hörvermögen ein Zusammenhang besteht; diese Beziehungen sind mathematisch-statistisch signifikant. Infolge der starken Streuung ist jedoch eine feste Zuordnung einer Potentialintensität zu einem bestimmten schwellonaudiometrischen dB-Wert innerhalb der üblichen audiometrischen Fehlerbreite nicht möglich. Die Potentialableitungen eignen sich nur für Relativmessungen bei ein und demselben Patienten. Es gelang, die während der Stapesfußplatten-plastik eintretende Verbesserung des Hörvermögens durch einen Intensitätsanstieg des Mikrophonpotentials zu objektivieren.
    Notes: Summary From the submitted studies it is evident that microphonics (NIP) can be obtained from the human ear. During an operation or with microscopic ear examination of patients with perforated drum membranes microphonics can be derived from the thick osseous capsula surrounding the labyrinth at the round window only. Transmission from the promontory proved to be impossible. Intensity of human microphonics at high sound densities is substantially lower than levels found with animals used for electrophysiological experiments (guinea pigs, cats, etc.). Highest intensity levels have been found at 2000 cps. It should be pointed out, however, that pronounced haemorrhage, secretion, or granulation in the middle ear results in a shunting action which prevents accurate measurement. From the studies it can be seen that a relationship exists between the intensity of the follow-up current after stimulation and the hearing capacity determined through audiometer threshold measurements which is significant for mathematical and statistical evaluation. Due to the high scatter in results, however, it proved impossible to achieve proper assignment between the potential level and a certain db-value within the usual error limits encountered in audiometer threshold measurement. In consequence, microphonics transmission can be used with advantage only for relative measurements on one and the same patient. Furthermore, it was possible to achieve an improved objective assessment of the hearing capacity during the Stapes operation by supervising the rise of intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 7 (1988), S. 259-281 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: metroxylon ; sago palm ; palm agronomy ; perennial crop ; natural stands ; plantings ; starch ; starch production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since 1971 there has been a revival of interest in the possibilities for cultivation of the true sago palm, Metroxylon spp. Agronomic and economic research shows that the palm can become an important starch producing crop. Many queries concerning the agronomy of the crop have been solved. The palm is especially suited to humid tropical lowlands. It is fairly salinity tolerant, but less tolerant to swampy conditions than generally thought. Research programmes to solve the remaining problems have been started in Sarawak on peat soils and will be started in Indonesia on mineral soils, both regarding the cultivated crop and exploitation of natural stands. Yields of 5 tons of dry starch per ha and year in the first year, increasing to 15 tons in the tenth, are to be expected in good quality natural stands under cultivation and on mineral soils. In new plantings there will be no yield in the first eight years; after that yields will increase rapidly to 25 tons per ha and year, tapering off slowly to 15 tons. Yields on peat soils under cultivation are expected to remain 25% lower. In both natural stands and plantings an extensive drainage system is to be provided, which also allows the trunks, the raw material, to be floated out to the factory. Both systems of cultivation are expected to be economically viable with an internal rate of return estimated at 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 195 (1969), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Meerschweinchonversuch wurde α-Chymotrypsinlösung unterschiedlicher Konzentration (1, 3 bzw. 6 Einheiten in 0,1 ml) in die Bulla instilliert und nach 24 Std das Mikrophonpotential (MP) gemessen (40 Versuchs tiere). Gegenüber einer Vergleichsgruppe, bei der physiologische NaCl-Lösung verwendet wurde, trat eine deutliche Reduktion der Intensität des NIP auf, die um so starker war, je höher die Konzentration des α-Chymotrypsins gewahlt wurde. Diese Beeinträchtigung der Innenohrfunktion durch lokale Anwendung proteolytischer Fermente am Ohr macht in der klinischen intratympanalen Anwendung dieser Mittel beim Adhäsivprozeß eine gewisse Vorsicht erforderlich.
    Notes: Summary In a test on guinea pigs various concentrations of α-chymotrypsin (1, 3, and 6 units in 0.1 ml) were instilled into the bulla tympanica. After 24 hours microphonics was measured of the 40 test animals. A control group of animals was used, which received physiological NaCl solution. In the comparison, the reduction in microphonics intensity of the test animals was marked, and became more noticeable with increasing α-chymotrypsin concentration. In clinics treating otitis media adhaesiva, this injury to the function of the ear from local application of proteolytic ferments points to a rather cautious intratympanal use of these preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 193 (1969), S. 121-127 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einer speziellen Mcßmethode wurden mit Hilfe zweier monostabiler Multivibratoren bei zehn Meerschweinchen an der Cochlea Latenzzeitmessungen zwischen Mikrophonpotential (MP) and N1-Zacke des clickausgelösten Summenaktionspotentials (SAP) durchgeführt. Die durchschnittliche Latenzzeit zwischen MP und SAP, die bei einer Klickfolgefrequenz von 20 Klicks/s 0,85–1,03 msec betrug, wurde durch Strychnindosen von 0,5 mg/kg i.v. nicht verändert. Ein cholinerger Mechanismus ist nach diesen Resultaten bei der Entstehung des SAP nicht anzunehmen.
    Notes: Summary Latent period measurement between the microphonicpotential and the N1 nerve action potential have been examined in the cochlea from 10 guinea pigs with a special method and with the aid of two monostabilized multivibrators. The average of the latent periods between microphonicpotential and the nerve action potential, at a frequency of 20 clicks/s 0.85–1.03 msec, did not show any changes by injecting intravenously the Strychnin with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. According to these results one cannot assume that the nerve action potential is excited by cholinergic mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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