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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 22-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptors ; Arthropoda ; Acarina ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgewählte Borsten am Tarsus der Zecke Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina; Ixodidae; Nymphenstadium) wurden mit dem Durchstrahlungs- und Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Alle Sensillen sind mehrfach innerviert; die dicke Cuticulawandung besitzt entweder ein ausgeprägtes Porenkanalsystem oder eine schlitzförmige Öffnung nahe der Spitze. Diese Sensillen haben oft zusätzlich zwei mechanoreceptive Dendriten an der Borstenbasis angeheftet und dienen dann offenbar zwei Funktionen: Mechano- und Chemoreception. Die Feinstruktur jedes Sensillums ist ähnlich wie in anderen Arthropodensinneshaaren, mit Ausnahme der Ciliärregion des Dendriten. Statt der herkömmlichen 9 Doppeltubuli besitzen Zeckensensillen gewöhnlich 11 (“11+0”). Verglichen mit den tarsalen Borsten von Insekten und Spinnen erscheinen Zeckensensillen zwar weniger zahlreich, dafür strukturell komplexer und von größerer Vielfalt.
    Notes: Summary Selected tarsal bristles of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. All sensilla are multi-innervated and have thick cuticular walls containing either an elaborate pore canal system or a single slit opening at the tip. These sensilla, often equipped with two mechanoreceptive dendrites attached to the bristle base, apparently serve a dual function: mechano- and chemoreception. The fine structure of each sensillum is similar to that of other arthropod setae except for the ciliary region of the dendrite. Instead of the common 9 double-tubules, the tick sensilla usually have 11 (“11+0”). Compared to insect or spider tarsal bristles, tick setae are less abundant but more complex in structure and of greater variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 275-292 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptors ; Acarina ; Amblyomma americanum ; Haller's organ ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Hallersche Organ auf dem Tarsus der Zecke Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; Nymphenstadium) wurde mit dem Durchstrahlungs- und Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Es besteht aus einer distalen Sensillengruppe, die in einer flachen „Wanne“ gelegen ist, und einer proximalen „Kapsel“, welche mehrere Sensillen einschließt. Alle sieben Sensillen der „Wanne“ (A1–A7) sind dickwandig und mehrfach innerviert (2–9 Neurone), jedoch können mindestens 3 verschiedene Typen unterschieden werden: A1 und A2 besitzen große Poren (〉1000 Å), die mit Pfropfen versehen sind, und sie sind zudem die einzigen Sensillen mit sich verzweigenden Dendriten; A3 und A5 sind durch eine radspeichenartige Anordnung der Cuticulawandung charakterisiert, ferner durch feine Poren (100–200 Å), welche die Speichen zentral durchziehen; A4, A6, und A7 zeigen kein Porensystem, doch wird eine einzelne Öffnung an der Spitze vermutet. Die „Kapsel“ enthält 7 dünnwandige, stumpf endigende Sensillen und mehrere nichtsensorische Cuticulavorsprünge. Alle Sensillen besitzen große „Pfropfporen“ in der Cuticulawandung und zahlreiche dendritische Verzweigungen mehrerer Neuronen (3–5) im Lumen. Drüsenmündungen wurden in der „Kapsel“ festgestellt, ihre Bedeutung wird diskutiert. Die Feinstruktur des Hallerschen Organs entspricht dem Postulat von Lees (1948), wonach die „Kapsel“ der Geruchsrezeption, die „Wanne“ der Feuchtigkeitsrezeption dienen soll.
    Notes: Summary Haller's organ on the tarsus of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It consists of a distal bristle group, (the “anterior pit”), and a proximal “capsule” which encloses several sensilla. The seven sensilla of the anterior pit (A1–A7) are all thick-walled and multi-innervated (2–9 neurons), but at least three different types can be differentiated. Sensilla A1 and A2 possess large, plugged pores (〉1000 Å) and are the only sensilla with branching dendrites. A3 and A5 are characterized by a spoke-wheel arrangement of the cuticle wall and very fine pores (100–200 Å) penetrating the “spokes” centrally; A4, A6, and A7 do not exhibit any pore system but a single opening at the bristle tip is assumed. The capsule contains seven thin-walled, blunt-tipped sensilla, and several non-sensory cuticular projections (pleomorphs). All of these sensilla possess large “plugged” pores in the cuticle wall and numerous dendritic branches of several neurons (3–5) in the lumen. Glandular openings were found inside the capsule; their significance is discussed. The fine structure of Haller's organ supports the functions postulated by Lees (1948), namely olfaction for the capsule and humidity reception (among others) for the anterior pit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 548-560 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptors ; Acarina ; Amblyomma americanum ; Palpal organ ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Palps of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The terminal palp segment (IV) bears the so-called “palpal organ”, a cluster of 10 short, blunt-tipped sensilla. All sensilla (except for the center sensillum) receive a dual innervation: 2 mechanoreceptive dendrites which terminate in the socket membrane plus several chemoreceptive dendrites (4–12) which enter the lumen. The thick-walled cuticular shaft possesses 2–3 small pore openings (100 Å) below the tip, thus establishing communication between dendrites and environment. Two structurally different types of palpal sensilla exist: The A-type has a characteristic doublelumen and always contains 4 dendrites, the B-type features a single lumen and a specially layered cuticular shaft with 6–12 dendrites. The fine structure of the tick palpal receptors corresponds closely to that of known contact chemoreceptors in insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennae ; Sensory cells ; Thermoreceptors ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Musca domestica ; Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arista, a characteristic appendage of dipteran antennae, consists of 2 short segments at the base and a long distal shaft. A small sensory ganglion, from which arises the aristal nerve, is located proximally in the shaft. The fine structure of the aristal sensory organ was studied in detail in the fruitfly (Drosophila) and for comparison in the housefly (Musca) and the blowfly (Calliphora). In Drosophila, the aristal sense organ consists of 3 identical sensilla that terminate in the hemolymph space of the aristal shaft, and not in an external cuticular apparatus. Each sensillum comprises 2 bipolar neurons and 2 sheath cells; a third sheath cell envelops the somata of all six neurons of the ganglion. The neurons have long slender dendrites with the usual subdivision into an inner and an outer segment. One of the outer segments is highly lamellated and bears small particles (BOSS-structures) on the outside of its cell membrane; the other outer segment is unbranched and has a small diameter. The fine structure of the first dendrite is strongly reminiscent of thermoreceptors known from the antennae of other insects. These thermoreceptors are often coupled with hygroreceptors; however, we can only speculate whether the second dendrite of the aristal organ also has this function. Our present results argue against mechanoreceptive functions, as formerly postulated. The aristal sense organs in Musca and Calliphora are similar to those in Drosophila, but contain more sensilla (12 in Musca, 18 in Calliphora).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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