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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A parallel plate flow cell for the investigation of the role of surfactants in the codeposition of polymer particles in nickel electroplating (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1393-1400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: codeposition ; laminar flow cell ; nickel electroplating ; particles adhesion ; polymer particles ; surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A parallel plate flow cell was designed for the study of particle codeposition in metal electrodeposition. Particle deposition was visualized and recorded with a microscope/video assembly. The effects of two surfactants (anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate and cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) on the adhesion of anionic polystyrene particles to a nickel substrate were examined. The deposition rate in laminar flow was measured as a function of the main parameters, that is, electrode potential, Ni(ii) concentration, surfactant concentration and pH. The hydrodynamic drag force applies uniformly and tangentially to the collector under laminar flow in contrast with rotating disc or impinging jet cells. No deposition is observed unless specific attractive forces carry the particles through the boundary layer. Particle attachment takes place over a limited range of surfactant/Ni(II) composition and correlates with the formation of a surface film visible under the microscope. Results discussed are based on the adsorption of SDS and CTAB on to both the electrode and the particles, an adsorption which significantly alters the interaction potential at a short distance. The cell gives interesting evidence for the occurrence of specific interactions in electrolytic codeposition. It also proves useful for observing other phenomena, such as hydrogen bubbling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003836406636
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suspension Development for Colloidal Shaping of Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 FGMs (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 492-493 (Aug. 2005), p. 777-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.492-493.777.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductometric and microcalorimetric analysis of the alkaline-earth/alkali-metal ion exchange onto polyacrylic acid (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 818-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Keywords Conductometry ; Poly(acrylic acid) ; Barium(II) ion ; Calcium(II) ion ; Complexation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The specificity of the exchange between divalent (Di2+ = Ca2+ or Ba2+) and monovalent (M+ = Li+, Na+ or K+) ions onto a polyacrylic chain is examined using conductometric and microcalorimetric techniques. Assuming the formation of a bidentate complex between the Di2+ and the carboxylate groups, the conductometric data give the exchange ratio (Di2+/M+) and the speciation of the acrylic groups. No significant difference is observed between the three alkali-metal ions for a given Di2+ ion. Comparisons between Ca2+ and Ba2+ show a stronger hydrophobicity of the former as it precipitates at a complexation ratio r = 0.33 versus r = 0.45 for the Ba2+ salt. Microcalorimetric data show that all Di2+/M+ exchange energies are positive and depend significantly on the type of cations. The largest displacement energy (the more positive) is found for the binding of Ca2+ with sodium polyacrylate (8.13 kJ · mol−1) and the smallest for Ba2+ with lithium polyacrylate (1.88 kJ · mol−1). The interpretation of the data leads to the conclusion that specificity of the Di2+ binding originates in the dehydration phenomenon and specificity between the three alkali-metal ions is due to the decrease in the electrostatic bond strength with an increase in the ionic radii. The Di2+/M+ exchange is entropically driven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050458
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiometric and conductometric analysis of the binding of Barium ions with alkali polyacrylate (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 1088-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Conductometry ; polyacrylic acid ; barium II ion ; complexation ; counterions condensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The interaction between Poly(acrylic acid) and barium ions is analyzed using potentiometric (barium specific electrode) and conductometric titrations. At full ionization of the polyelectrolyte, in the presence of M+ counterions (M+=Li+, Na+ and K+), the binding ratio [Ba2+]bound/C p on the chain is determined, showing no significant difference between the three alkali ions. When the added Ba2+ concentration does not exceed 0.2×C p, all barium ions bind with the polymer, i.e. none can be detected in the solution with the barium selective electrode. Assuming that monovalent counterions divide the electrostatically condensed and “atmospheric” ions and using Eisenberg plots of the conductivity excess, the experimental data allows to calculate the distribution of the different acrylic species on the fully deprotonated chain (free carboxylate groups, bound groups with M+ and with Ba2+ ions). Assuming the formation of a bidentate Ba(COO)2 species and taking into account that part of the remaining groups bind with M+ ions, the calculated complexation constant (log K c=6.5) is satisfactorily independent of the complexation ratio. The displacement ratio of M+ ions by attaching Ba2+ ions is also calculated, showing interestingly a continuous decrease between 1.4 and 0.9 as r increases. The latter result is attributed to the change of the averaged electrostatic potential of the chain, in relation with the binding of barium ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050350
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of fluidization of concentrated calcium carbonate slurries by poly(oxyethylene) diphosphonates (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 1162-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polymer ; Adsorption ; Colloids ; Stabilization ; Poly(oxyethylene) diphosphonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nonionic poly(oxyethylene) polymers having a diphosphonate group at one chain end strongly adsorb onto CaCO3 particles. The main consequence is a considerable lowering of the viscosity of concentrated slurries. This effect occurs because of the break up and redispersion of aggregates of flocculated CaCO3 particles by the polymer adsorption. The mechanism of colloidal stabilization is steric, the particles becoming uncharged as the polymer adsorbs at their surface. As a consequence, the colloidal suspensions remain stable and fluid at high volume fractions and at high ionic strengths. On the other hand, because of the strong affinity of these polymers for CaCO3 surfaces, the larger part of the polymer is adsorbed until the coverage of the particles reaches completion. The easy to handle polymer-to-solid weight ratio can then be used as a formulation parameter. The depletion flocculation by the nonadsorbed polymer is avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of the surface charge of a mineral powder: application to electrophoretic deposition of silica for anticorrosion coatings (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 3945-3952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic deposition is used to produce a silica layer on zinc-coated steel and chromated zinc-coated steel. This type of coating is commonly employed in car industries to protect steel against corrosion. Because of the presence of zinc and chromated layers on the substrate, the polarization must be cathodic to avoid oxidation. Reversal of the silica surface charge is obtained using different methods, such as cation adsorption, cationic polymer (polyvinylimidazole) adsorption or oxide (cerium oxide) adsorption. The production of deposits using cations is quite difficult because it is necessary to add a high concentration of salt to reverse the silica charge, provoking high conductivity and gas release at the cathode. With polyvinylimidazole, the instability of the polymer is also a restrictive factor for the application of electrophoresis. The most promising results are obtained with ceriacovered silica. In fact the system is stable under the electric field and allows homogeneous coatings to be produced. The polarization resistance measurements indicate the good protective effect compared with the untreated substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004692611926
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