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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Market Access Liberalisation in the Doha Round: Scenarios and Assessment (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: The modalities of negotiation on market access for agricultural and non-agricultural products are an important item of the Doha Development Agenda. The dispersion of tariffs remains very large, translating into sizeable economic distortions. In particular, tariff peaks are numerous and highly protective. This is why the choice of a formula of reduction in tariffs is a sensitive issue. Using the MAcMaps database, we apply various formulas excluding or including peaks at the most detailed level of information on tariffs, considering preferential schemes conceded so far. The resulting changes in tariffs are introduced in a CGE exercise using Mirage. We find that trade and welfare gains are halved when excluding peaks from the negotiations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00720.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Assessment of Environmentally- related Non-tariff Measures (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @world economy 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: International trade can affect the environment in different ways. This may justify the introduction of border measures by the importing countries. In addition to various dispositions in the GATT, GATS, TRIPs agreements, as well as in the Agreement on Agriculture, this issue is regulated by the agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and on the application of Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary standards (SPS). Despite these rules, abuse of environmental arguments for protectionist reasons remains an open issue. In order to disentangle protectionism from dispositions justified on the grounds of true environmental concerns, we systematically review notifications of SPS and TBTs by importing countries at the tariff line level. Trade is considered as being potentially affected when an environmental SPS/TBT is notified on grounds of environmental concerns. Affected trade is defined as imports by countries notifying such barriers. Protectionist use of environmental barriers is likely when only a limited number of countries impose an environmental obstacle on the imports of a given product. Considering data for 2001, we find that 88 per cent of the value of world trade is in products potentially affected by such measures, while 39 per cent of the value of world imports is potentially subject to a protectionist use of such measures. Agriculture, the automobile industry, the pharmaceutical industry and many other sectors are concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00742.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous Symmetry of Shocks in a Monetary Union (1999)
    Springer
    Open economies review 10 (1999), S. 263-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Keywords: optimal currency areas ; European integration ; monetary union ; intra-industry trade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The monetary union issue, when assessed with the traditional inferences for optimal currency areas, misses an important dimension. Increased specialisation induced by reduced transaction costs, suggested by Krugman's “lessons of Massachusetts”, is only a part of the story. Even if agglomeration and inter-industry trade may occur as a result of reduced transaction costs, this tendency may be counteracted by the elimination of uncertainty associated with bilateral exchange rate variability within the monetary union. Thus, in contradiction to what is generally assumed on the basis of the reduction in transaction costs only, the European Monetary Union (EMU) is likely to foster intra-industry trade in Europe, leading to more symmetric shocks between member states. The monetary union will endogenously create the conditions of its success. Empirical evidence is provided for EU countries' bilateral trade over the period 1980–1994, using disaggregated trade data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008325518557
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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