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  • 1
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon cancer ; Adenomas ; Colon polyps ; Coronary artery disease ; Myocardial infarction ; Etiology ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether patients with coronary artery disease are at elevated risk for colorectal neoplasia. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among consecutive patients in three colonoscopy practices in New York City from 1986 to 1988. All study participants completed an interview questionnaire covering demographics, diet, environmental and behavioral exposures, family and personal medical history, and other variables. For the present study, 298 newly diagnosed colorectal adenoma cases and 107 incident cancer cases were compared with 507 colonoscoped controls without colorectal neoplasia or other significant findings on colonoscopy. Data on history of coronary artery disease (angina and/or heart attack) were obtained solely from the study participants' questionnaire responses. RESULTS: No association was observed between angina, heart attack, or either and colorectal adenomas in males. However, prior coronary artery disease was found to be associated with colorectal cancer in males more than 60 years of age and with colorectal adenomas in females aged 50 years or younger. CONCLUSION: Men with coronary artery disease may be at elevated risk for subsequent colorectal cancer. Young women with coronary artery disease also may be at elevated risk for colorectal neoplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Vitamins ; Calcium ; Micronutrients ; Recurrence ; Chemoprevention ; Adenoma ; Colorectal neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Although some have suggested that certain vitamins or calcium supplements may reduce adenoma recurrence, our own prior retrospective study found no such effects. The purpose of this case-control study was to further investigate whether regular vitamin or calcium supplement intake influenced the incidence of recurrent adenomatous polyps in patients with previous neoplasia who were undergoing follow-up colonoscopy. METHODS: This study enrolled 1,162 patients who underwent colonoscopy by one of three surgeons at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City between March 1993 and February 1997. Of these patients 448 (250 males) had a previous diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia (cancer, adenomas, or dysplasia). Of these, 183 (40.8 percent) had an adenoma at the index colonoscopy. Information was collected on personal and family history of colonic diseases, cigarette smoking, medication, and vitamin and micronutrient supplement usage on a questionnaire that was completed by the patients before the colonoscopy. Odds ratios were obtained by unconditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and gender, and used adenoma recurrence at index colonoscopy as the outcome. RESULTS: The mean interval between colonoscopic examinations was 37 months for the recurrent adenoma group and 38 months for the nonrecurrent group of patients (P = not significant). In this case-control study we found a protective effect for the use of vitamin supplements in general (any vitamin) on the recurrence of adenomas (odds ratio, 0.41; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27–0.61). Specifically, this protective effect was observed for the use of multivitamins (odds ratio, 0.47; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.31–0.72), vitamin E (odds ratio, 0.62; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.39–0.98), and for calcium supplementation (odds ratio, 0.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.27–0.96). Nonsignificant protective effects were noted for carotene/vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: The use of multivitamins, vitamin E, and calcium supplements were found to be associated with a lower incidence of recurrent adenomas in a population of patients with history of previous colonic neoplasia. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to better assess the impact of these agents and to determine whether the use of these supplements is associated with a protective effect against recurrent adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colonoscopy ; Asymptomatic ; Adenomas ; Familial ; Prospective ; Controlled study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer are believed to be at an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. To estimate this risk and the potential yield of screening colonoscopy in this population, we recruited and prospectively colonoscoped 181 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDR) of colorectal cancer patients and 83 asymptomatic controls (without a family history of colorectal cancer). The mean ages for the FDR and control groups were 48.2 ± 12.5 and 54.8 ± 11.0, respectively. Adenomatous polyps were detected in 14.4 percent of FDRs and 8.4 percent of controls. Although 92 percent of our FDRs had only one FDR afflicted with colon cancer, those subjects with two or more afflicted FDRs had an even higher risk of developing colonic adenomas (23.8 percent) than those with only one afflicted FDR (13.1 percent). A greater proportion of adenomas was found to be beyond the reach of flexible sigmoidoscopy in the FDR group than in the controls (48 percent vs.25 percent, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, male sex, and FDR status were independent risk factors for the presence of colonic adenomatous polyps (RR=2.32, 2.86, and 3.49, respectively;P 〈0.001). Those at greatest risk for harboring an asymptomatic colonic adenoma are male FDRs over the age of 50 (40 percent ts.20 percent for age-matched male controls). Based on probability curves, males with one FDR afflicted with colon cancer appear to have an increased risk of developing a colonic adenoma beginning at 40 years of age. Our results document, for the first time, an increased prevalence of colonoscopically detectable adenomas in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients, as compared with asymptomatic controls, and support the use of colonoscopy as a routine screening tool in this high-risk group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon cancer ; Protein kinase C ; RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: We have previously reported decreased protein kinase C (PKC) enzyme activity in primary human colorectal carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings to a larger number of cases and to also examine the levels of expression of mRNAs that encode specific isoforms of PKC in these tumors. METHODS: Colorectal carcinomas and paired grossly normal adjacent mucosal samples were collected from 39 patients. Complete histopathologic analyses were performed on all samples. PKC enzyme activity in both the cytosolic and particulate fractions was quantitated by measuring the amount of 32 P incorporated into histone Type III-S. Northern blot nucleic acid hybridization was performed using polyA + RNA extracted from both the tumor and normal tissue samples and 32 P-labeled probes for specific isoforms of PKC. The paired sample t-test was used to determine the statistical significance of tumor to normal ratios of both enzyme activity and mRNA levels. RESULTS: The mean value for cellular PKC enzyme activity in the colon tumors from 39 patients was about 60 percent of that found in the paired adjacent grossly normal mucosa samples (P〈0.001). The subcellular distribution of PKC activity was similar in normal and tumor samples (about 70 percent in the particulate fraction). The abundance of PKCα mRNAs varied considerably among 28 tumor/normal pairs, with a mean tumor to normal (T∶N) ratio of 1.0±0.6 for the 99-kb mRNA band and 1.4±0.7 for the 3.5-kb band. The abundance of PKCβ mRNAs was decreased in 30 of 39 tumors, with a mean T∶N ratio of 0.6±0.4 for both the 94- and 3.5-kb bands for all 39 samples (P〈0.001). None of the parameters measured correlated with Dukes stage or the grade of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: These studies extend previous evidence that total PKC enzyme activity is frequently decreased in primary human colon tumors. Our finding that this is often associated with decreased levels of PKC β mRNA suggest that this is not simply due to posttranslational down-regulation of this enzyme system. Further studies are required to determine whether these changes in PKC α and PKC β mRNAs are due to altered de novo transcription or mRNA stability. It will also be of interest to examine the expression of other isoforms of PKC in colon tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 1048-1053 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La coloscopie dite “thérapeutique” a remplacé ou tout au moins a réduit et la charge de travail et l'ampleur du geste chirurgical traditionnel. La coloscopie offre la possibilité de coaguler pour faire l'hémostase, de réséquer des tumeurs bénignes ou malignes, de décomprimer ou de recanaliser l'intestin occlus ou obstrué ainsi que d'enlever les corps étrangers. Les hémorragies provenant d'anomalies artériovéneuses ou d'autres, sont contrôlées par coagulation mono- or bipolaire ou le laser avec un taux de succès qui varie entre 40 et 80%. On arrête une hémorragie récidivante ou provenant d'une tumeur inopérable dans 90% des cas. Pratiquement tous les adénomes pédiculés et la plupart des variétés sessiles sont enlevés régulièrement au cours de la coloscopie. Les tumeurs villeuses, qu'elles soient de volume important ou récidivantes, chez les patients à haut risque chirurgical, peuvent être traités avec succès par laser endoscopique. La réduction endoscopique en urgence, avant l'intervention chirurgicale, d'un volvulus du côlon sigmoïde ou d'un syndrome d'Olgivie est de pratique courante. Une grande variété de sténoses coliques ont été dilatées avec des techniques différentes allant de la dilatation simple par ballonnet jusqu'â la recanalisation par laser. L'endoscopie peut servir à décomprimer le côlon occlus par une tumeur avant l'intervention définitive au lieu de devoir pratiquer, dans un premier temps, une colostomie dite de décompression. Par le laser endoscopique, on peut réduire le volume ou perméabiliser les obstructions tumorales inopérables ou récidivantes avec un taux de succès de 80%. Des corps étrangers sont extraits par des techniques variées de façon courante. La morbidité de la coloscopie thérapeutique va de 1 à 2% pour la polypectomie à 11% pour le traitement palliatif par laser d'un cancer colique avancé et hémorragique, souvent plus ou moins obstructif.
    Abstract: Resumen La colonoscopia terapéutica ha reemplazado en forma significativa a los procedimientos quirúrgicos abiertos tradicionales, o ha reducido su requerimiento o su magnitud. Los métodos colonoscópicos de uso común en la actualidad son: hemostasia, resección y ablacion de lesiones benignas y malignas, descompresión y recanalización del intestino obstruido o dilatado y extracción de cuerpos extraños. Se ha logrado controlar el sangrado de lesiones anteriovenosas y de otras lesiones vasculares con una tasa de éxito de 40% a 80% por medio de coagulación endoscópica con corriente monopolar o bipolar o con laser. Se ha logrado la paliación de cánceres recurrentes o inoperables sangrantes hasta en 90% de los casos. Virtualmente la totalidad de los adenomas penduculados y la mayoría de las lesiones sesiles son resecadas regularmente por vía colonoscópica, mientras los adenomas vellosos recurrentes en individuos de alto riesgo han sido exitosamente manejados por técnicas de ablación endoscópica con laser. La colonoscopia de emergencia para reducir el volvulus del sigmoide se realiza preoperatoriamente y actualmente se logra regularmente la descompresión del colon dilatado en casos de íleo no obstuctivo. Las estrecheces colónicas han sido dilatadas mediante una variedad de técnicas que van desde la divulsión con dilatadores de balones hasta la recanalización con laser. El tratamiento preoperatorio con endoscopia y laser de una obstrucción tumoral se emplea con el objeto de evitar una colostomía preliminar o de descompresión. El debultamiento y la recanalización de cánceres recurrentes o inoperables ha sido lograda exitosamente hasta en 80% de los casos, y se puede hacer la extracción de diversos cuerpos extraños mediante variadas técnicas endoscópicas. La morbilidad de la colonoscopia terapéutica varía entre 1% y 2% para polipectomía, hasta 11% para la paliación con laser del sangrado por cáncer avanzado, fenómeno que con frecuencia ocurre sin obstrucción.
    Notes: Abstract Therapeutic colonoscopy has replaced or lessened to a significant degree the need or extent of traditional open surgical procedures. The common uses of therapeutic colonoscopy are hemostasis, resection and ablation of benign and malignant disease, decompression and recanalization of obstructed or dilated bowel, as well as foreign body extraction. Bleeding from arteriovenous and other vascular abnormalities can be controlled with 40% to 80% success rates using endoscopically delivered, monopolar, bipolar, or laser coagulation. The palliation of bleeding recurrent or inoperable colorectal cancer is achieved in up to 90% of patients. Virtually all pedunculated adenomas and most sessile adenomas are regularly removed colonoscopically, while large and recurrent villous adenomas in high risk individuals can be successfully managed by endoscopically delivered laser ablation techniques. Emergency colonoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus is performed pre-operatively and decompression of the dilated colon of non-obstructive colonic ileus is now regularly achieved. Colonic strictures have been dilated with a variety of techniques ranging from divulsion with through-the-scope balloon dilators to laser recanalization. Pre-operative endoscopic laser relief of tumor obstruction is employed to avoid preliminary or decompressing colostomy. Endoscopic laser debulking and recanalization of recurrent or inoperable cancer has been achieved with up to 80% success and various foreign bodies may be extracted from the colon with a number of endoscopic techniques. The morbidity of therapeutic colonoscopy has ranged from 1% to 2% for polypectomy to 11% for laser palliation of bleeding from advanced cancer, often with obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 8 (1983), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Endometriosis ; Colon, endometriosis, polypoid mass ; Sigmoidoscopy, endometriosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endometriosis of the bowel most often involves the sigmoid and rectosigmoid and appears as an intramural mass protruding into the lumen in a polypoid or constricting fashion. Occasionally there is an intraluminal mass without obvious intramural involvement. Endometriosis of bowel is rarely diagnosed at endoscopic biopsy. We present a patient with an intraluminal endometrioma with a positive endoscopic biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 1 (1987), S. 55-57 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Pedunculated polyp ; Sessile polyp ; Adenoma of the colon ; Invasive carcinoma ; Carcinoma in situ ; Colon resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is some controversy about the indications for surgical resection above the distal rectum following colonoscopic removal of a polyp which proves to be malignant. Sessile, villous adenomas are generally considered to carry greater risk of spreading malignancy than pedunculated, tubular or villous adenomas. Resection is usually recommended in the presence of carcinomatous invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae and/or insufficient tumor-free margin of the stalk if the patient's condition permits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Colonic anastomosis ; Fibrinogen ; Indocyanine green dye ; 808 nm diode lasers ; Laser welding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leakage from colonic anastomoses is a common cause of morbidity in patients recovering from bowel surgery. We evaluated a technique of laser-fibrinogen reinforcement to strengthen colonic anastomoses in a canine model. After creation of eight single-layer interrupted suture anastomoses in six dogs, indocyanine green-dye-enhanced fibrinogen was topically applied to the serosal surface and exposed to 808 mm diode laser energy. Immediately following colonic anastomosis, the mean leakage pressure was 137±22 mm Hg in the group (n=8) using sutures alone and 326±67 mm Hg (P〈0.001) in the group (n=8) after the sutured anastomosis was reinforced with lasered-fibrinogen. On histological examination, no evidence of thermal injury to the tissue edges was noted and a layer of fibrinogen bridged the anastomotic gap. Laser dye-enhanced fibrinogen reinforcement significantly enhances the strength of sutured colonic anastomoses without causing appreciable thermal injury to the host tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 7 (1993), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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