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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Buckminsterfullerenols were recently investigated for their protective properties in different models of acute and chronic neurodegeneration. We tested C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid in our in vitro model of apoptotic neuronal death, which consists of shifting the culture K+ concentration from 25 to 5 mM for rat cerebellar granule cells. The impairment of mitochondrial respiratory function as well as chromatin derangement and fragmentation of DNA in apoptotic oligonucleosomes that occur in these conditions were protected by this compound in a concentration-dependent way. To assess whether antioxidant activity could account for the rescue of cerebellar granule cells from apoptosis, we tested the fullerene derivative under FeSO4-induced oxidative stress and found significant protection. Thus, we visualized membrane and cytoplasmic peroxides and reactive oxygen species and found a significant reduction of the species after 24 h in 5 mM K+ with the fullerene derivative. Such evidence suggests that this compound exerts a protective role in cerebellar granule cell apoptosis, likely reducing the oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Clorgyline is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO A) which has been labeled with carbon-11 (C-11) and used to measure human brain MAO A with positron emission tomography (PET). In this study we compared [11C]clorgyline and deuterium-substituted [11C]clorgyline ([11C]clorgyline-D2) to better understand the molecular link between [11C]clorgyline binding and MAO A. In PET studies of five normal healthy volunteers scanned with [11C]clorgyline and [11C]clorgyline-D2 2 h apart, deuterium substitution generally produced the expected reductions in the brain uptake of [11C]clorgyline. However, the reduction was not uniform with the C-11 binding in white matter being significantly less sensitive to deuterium substitution than other brain regions. The percentages of the total binding attributable to MAO A is largest for the thalamus and smallest for the white matter and this is clearly seen in PET images with [11C]clorgyline-D2. Thus deuterium-substituted [11C]clorgyline selectively reduces the MAO A binding component of clorgyline in the human brain revealing non-MAO A binding which is most apparent in the white matter. The characterization of the non-MAO A binding component of this widely used MAO A inhibitor merits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 32 (1999), S. S12 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Key words Malnutrition – causes – pathophysiology – hormones – cytokines – elderly – frail elderly – catabolism ; Schlüsselwörter Malnutrition – Chronischkranke – Betagte – Zytokine – Hormone – Transmitter – Ursachen – Anorexie – Eßverhalten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unterernährung ist bei älteren kranken Personen ein häufiger Befund. Die Ursachen der Unterernährung sind multifaktoriell. Obwohl sie intensiv erforscht wurden, sind sie nicht restlos geklärt. Aufgrund physiologischer als auch pathologischer Prozesse, die mit dem Altern einhergehen, ist diese Bevölkerungsgruppe einem höheren Risiko der Unterernährung unterworfen. Diese Vorgänge sind hauptsächlich auf soziale, finanzielle, psychologische und physiologische alternsbedingte Veränderungen zurückzuführen. Altersbedingte Ursachen mit erhöhtem Risiko für Malnutrition reichen von Problemen mit der Geschmacks- und Geruchswahrnehmung, die früher als Hauptgrund für die Anorexie bei Betagten angesehen wurden, bis zu Veränderungen der Konzentration oder der Wirksamkeit von appetitmodulierenden Hormonen und Neurotransmittern. Wichtig scheint auch eine verstärkte intestinale Malabsorption und eine beeinträchtigte exokrine Pankreasfunktion bei der älteren Bevölkerung, die sicher teilweise für die in dieser Gruppe zu beobachtende Malabsorption verantwortlich ist. Man spricht auch von einer subklinischen Malabsorption Betagter. Bei kranken Betagten spielen auch verschiedene Zustände, die nicht direkt durch den Alterungsprozeß bedingt sind, eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Malnutrition. Dazu gehören Entzündungen, Verletzungen, Neoplasmen und chronische Krankheiten. In diesen Situationen spielen Cytokine wie IL-1 und Cachektin in der Pathophysiologie der Unterernährung eine dominierende Rolle.
    Notes: Summary Malnutrition is a common finding amongst our elders. The causes of malnutrition are multifactorial and although they have been extensively studied, they are not entirely understood. Both physiological and pathological processes of aging put this population at a higher risk of being undernourished. These may be related to social, financial, psychological and/or physiological changes directly or indirectly associated to growing old. Age associated changes increase the risk of malnutrition in older individuals. These alterations range from problems in taste and smell perception, which were previously thought to be the main cause of anorexia in this population, to alterations in either the concentration or efficacy of the previously mentioned feeding modulators. Increased intestinal malabsorption together with an altered pancreatic exocrine response to different diets, further contributing to subclinical malabsorption in the elderly population aged and may account in part for the malnutrition observed in this group. Although not directly caused by the aging process, several conditions such as anorexia nervosa, cancer, infectious conditions, and inflammatory processes are associated with decreased food intake and weight loss. These conditions present with elevated levels of immunoregulatory substances known as cytokines. Each of these cytokines has multiple effects and play a leading role in the pathophysiology and maintainance of malnutrition in these situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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