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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of intravenous insulin infusion on kidney function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; glomerular filtration rate ; renal plasma flow ; insulin infusion ; hyperglycaemia ; β-2-microglobulin ; albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, urinary excretion of β-2-microglobulin and albumin, heart rate and blood pressure were studied in eight young male insulin-dependent diabetics. Measurements were performed before and during insulin infusion at 2 mU/kg/min. No patient had discernible insulin antibodies. Two studies were performed at random in each patient. In series A blood glucose concentration was allowed to decline, while in series B it was maintained at a constant level. Ten 20 min clearance periods were performed, four before and six during insulin infusion. Results are given as mean±SEM of values from the first four (control) and last four (test) clearance periods. Blood glucose declined in series A experiments from 10.8±0.8 mmol/l in the control period to 5.8±0.5 mmol/l during the test period, but remained constant during experiment B (9.8±1.1 and 9.5±1.1 mmol/l). Plasma insulin levels were comparable in the two series. Glomerular filtration rate fell from 141±7 ml/ min X 1.73m2 to 132±7ml/min X 1.73m2 (p〈 0.01) in series A but did not change significantly during series B. Similarily renal plasma flow declined with declining glucose but remained constant when glucose was maintained at a constant level. In series A the magnitude of decrease in renal plasma flow was correlated with the magnitude of decrease in glomerular filtration rate (r=0.95, p〈 0.001). β-2-microglobulin excretion decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05) in both series (A: 89±17 to 60±13 ng/min, B: 117±46 to 62±17ng/min). Albumin excretion increased in five out of six patients with normal control values (not significant) in series A and in four out of six in series B. No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were observed. Thus insulin infusion reduced renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, but this effect could be completely abolished by keeping blood glucose constant. This suggests that it is not the lack of insulin but the associated hyperglycaemia which contributes to the elevated renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate in insulin-dependent diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kidney function and size in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and during growth hormone administration for one week (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; glomerular filtration rate ; renal plasma flow ; kidney size ; growth hormone ; albumin ; β-2-microglobulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kidney function and size were studied in seven well-controlled male Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and after administration of highly purified human growth hormone for one week. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (steady state infusion technique with urinary collections using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran), kidney size (ultrasonic scanning) and urinary excretion rates of albumin and β-2-microglobulin were measured. Highly purified growth hormone was injected subcutaneously, 2 IU in the morning and 4 IU in the evening. The growth hormone dosage applied induced an elevation in plasma growth hormone concentration from the normal level seen in these very well controlled diabetics to levels within the range previously demonstrated in normally controlled Type 1 diabetic patients. During the week of growth hormone administration, glycaemic control was maintained unchanged by increasing the insulin dose by 79 ±9% (mean ± SEM). Glomerular filtration rate increased from 122±3 to 131±3 ml/min × 1.73 m2 (p 〈0.05) and renal plasma flow increased from 535±10 to 569±22 ml/min × 1.73 m2 (p〈0.05). Kidney size changed from 128±5 to 133±5 ml/1.73 m2 (NS). Urinary excretion rates of albumin and β-2-microglobulin were unchanged. The present findings suggest that the growth hormone elevation typically found in Type 1 diabetic patients with reasonable clinical control, contributes to the enhanced glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow present in that disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253577
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased kidney size, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in short-term insulin-dependent diabetics (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glomerular filtration rate ; renal plasma flow ; kidney size ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and kidney volume were measured in thirteen male subjects (mean age 30 years) with short-term insulin-dependent diabetes (mean duration of disease 2.4 years) and fourteen normal male subjects (mean age 29 years). GFR and RPF were measured by constant infusion technique using I125-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran. Kidney size was determined by means of ultrasound. GFR, RPF and kidney volume were increased in the diabetic patients compared to the normal controls, 144 versus 113 ml/ min×1.73m2 (p〈0.0005), 627 versus 523 ml/ min×1.73 m2 (p〈0.0025) and 278 versus 224 ml/ 1.73 m2 (p〈0.0005) respectively. Combining results from diabetic patients and controls revealed a positive correlation between kidney size and GFR (r= 0.70, p〈0.001) and between kidney size and RPF (r=0.61, p〈0.001). Within the groups kidney size and RPF correlated significantly in the diabetics (p〈 0.01) and the same was found for kidney size and GFR (0.025〈 p〈0.05), while no correlations were found in the normal group. GFR and RPF correlated in the diabetics when evaluated separately (r=0.81, p〈0.001) and in the controls (r=0.73, p〈0.001). The previous and present data suggest that the mechanisms of the elevated GFR in insulin-dependent diabetics are enhanced RPF, increased transglomerular hydrostatic pressure gradient and increased glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. The increased kidney size is probably the main cause of the above alterations in the GFR determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on renal function in normal man and in insulin-dependent diabetics (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 368-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; blood glucose concentration ; glomerular filtration rate ; renal plasma flow ; albumin, β-2-microglobulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of intravenous glucose infusion on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow (constant infusion technique using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran) and on urinary excretion of albumin and β-2-microglobulin were studied in ten normal subjects and seven metabolically well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetics. Following glucose infusion in normal subjects (n = 10) blood glucose increased from 4.7±0.1 to 10.9±0.4 mmol/1 (SEM) (p ⩽ 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate increased from 116±2 to 123±3ml/min x 1.73 m2 (p ⩽ 0,01), while no change in renal plasma flow was seen 552±11 versus 553±18 ml/min × 1.73 m2. Volume expansion with intravenous saline infusion in six of the normal subjects induced no changes in blood glucose or kidney function. In seven strictly controlled insulin-dependent diabetics, blood glucose values were raised from 4.6±0.4 to 16.0±0.6 mmol/1 and clamped by means of an ‘artificial beta cell’. Glomerular filtration rate increased in all patients, from 133 ±5 to 140±6 ml/min × 1.73 m2 (p ⩽ 0.02), as did renal plasma flow from 576±26 to 623±38 ml/ min × 1.73 m2 (p ⩽ 0.02). Urinary albumin excretion remained unchanged in both normal subjects and diabetics. β-2-microglobulin excretion rate increased significantly in the diabetics following glucose infusion, while no significant change was seen in the normal subjects. Our results show that hyperglycaemia per se contributes to the increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in insulin-dependent diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252683
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Für die Bestimmung der Lösungseigenschaften flüchtiger Verdünnungsmittel für Firnisse (1935)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 103 (1935), S. 239-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01376421
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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