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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of APOE polymorphisms in late-onset dementias (1998)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 928-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Genetic epidemiology; dementia; apolipoprotein E; Alzheimer's disease; polymorphisms; tau protein; amyloid protein; transgenic mice; susceptibility genes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Epidemiologic and laboratory results consistently implicate the APOE gene in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) the ε4 allele increases risk in a dose-dependent fashion, while ε2 confers protection. Individuals are susceptible for AD in varying degrees depending on which combination of APOE alleles has been inherited, APOE promoter polymorphism and other factors. Deposition of both senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the pathologic hall marks of AD, are enhanced by ε4 from the earliest lesions onward – diffuse plaques consisting of Aβ 1 – 42 and neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex. Transgenic APOE mice carrying an APP mutation and 0, 1 or 2 copies of APOE showed dose-related increases in plaque deposition in the hippocampus and cortex, a clear indication that APOEp promotes Aβ deposition. The presence of each additional APOE ε4 allele leads to an earlier onset of the histopathological process of about 1 decade, on average. The association of both types of AD-related changes with the occurrence of ε4 suggests that the APOE polymorphism causally contributes to the pathogenesis of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050223
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Italian multicenter case-control study of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease: Strategies and instruments for data collection (1987)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 8 (1987), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Data collection ; Alzheimer disease ; risk factors ; case-control studies ; interviews ; questionnaires
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Questo articolo illustra gli strumenti ed i metodi utilizzati nella raccolta dati per lo studio caso-controllo multicentrico italiano della malattia di Alzheimer diagnosticata clinicamente. Vengono discussi in dettaglio la stesura del questionario, la scelta e l’addestramento degli intervistatori, la scelta del soggetto da intervistare e la valutazione della qualità dei raccolti. La traduzione inglese del questionario è riportata in appendice.
    Notes: Abstract Instruments and methods used for data collection in the Italian multicenter case-control study of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease are illustrated. Details of design of the questionnaire, choice and training of the interviewers, choice of the respondent, and assessment of the quality of data collected are discussed. The text of the questionnaire is included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337582
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term intensive cyclophosphamide treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis (1987)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 8 (1987), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; chronic progressive disease ; cyclophosphamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario 14 pazienti con SM definita e con forma cronica severamente progressiva sono stati trattati con un ciclo a breve termine e ad alto dosaggio di ciclofosfamide (400 mg/die), associata a cortisone (100 mg/die). L'immunosoppressione è stata considerata efficace quando è stata raggiunta una leucopenia di 3.000/mmc e a quel momento il farmaco è stato interrotto. 5 pazienti non hanno terminato il trattamento per la comparsa di gravi effetti collaterali. Dopo 1 anno di follow-up tutti i pazienti erano stazionari rispetto all'ingresso; 4 pazienti hanno terminato il secondo anno di follow-up e in essi la malattia si è mantenuta in fase di stabilizzazione. Nonostante questo, l'assenza di miglioramenti clinici, l'alta frequenza di effetti collaterali, la dimostrata oncogenicità della ciclofosfamide non ci incoraggia a continuare la sperimentazione.
    Notes: Abstract 14 patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, selected in a preliminary uncontrolled trial, were given a short course of intensive cyclophosphamide therapy, which was discontinued when the leukocyte count fell to 3000 cu.mm. 5 patients dropped out because of severe side effects. At 1 year follow-up were neurologically unchanged since admission to the trial; 4 remained stable at 2 years. The lack of clinical improvement, the high frequency of side effects and the proven oncogenicity of cyclophosphamide led us to discontinue the trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis (1988)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 9 (1988), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; azathioprine ; extended disability status scale ; annual relapse rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo condotto uno studio prospettivo sui pazienti con SM definita clinicamente che assumono azatioprina alla dose di 2 mg/kg/die da almeno 2 anni e che sono stati consecutivamente ammessi al nostro Istituto dal gennaio 1980 al dicembre 1983. Il farmaco è stato somministrato ai pazienti con malattia progressiva (primaria e secondaria) e con poussées frequenti. Al termine del follow-up (media: 3 aa.) il 65% dei 40 pazienti con malattia progressiva secondaria erano rimasti stazionari. Lo stato neurologico non si è deteriorato nel 77% dei 22 pazienti con forma a poussées, l'ARR è diminuito e un solo paziente ha modificato il decorso della malattia in progressiva. I nostri risultati, da verificare con uno studio controllato, sembrano indicare una certa efficacia dell'azatioprina nella SM.
    Notes: Abstract As the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial, we have conducted a prospective trial of the drug (2 mg/kg daily for at least 2 years) in patients with clinically definite MS, ie with remitting, remitting-progressive and progressive MS. At the end of an average 3-year follow-up 65% of the 40 patients with remitting-progressi had the same EDSS score as they had to start with. This was observed mainly in patients with longstanding MS and a high baseline EDSS. Of the 22 patients with a remitting course 77% showed no clinical deterioration and the annual relapse rate declined, although not significantly. In only one case did the remitting disease become remitting-progressive. Azathioprine would seem to have some efficacy in delaying the progression of remitting MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02334050
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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