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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An important adaptation to CO2-limited photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and some plants was development of CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCM). Evolution of a CCM occurred many times in flowering plants, beginning at least 15–20 million years ago, in response to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 155 (1987), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Chenopodiaceae ; Noaea griffithii ; Salsola griffithii ; Taxonomy ; sand vegetation ; psammophytes ; Flora SW Asia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Noaea griffithii, which hitherto was known from the type collection only, is transferred toSalsola by reason of its horizontal embryo and other fruit characters. The description is completed; ecological, phytocoenological and distributional data are given. The species is a common endemic psammophyte of SE Iran, S Afghanistan and adjacent Pakistan Baluchistan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 22 (1971), S. 285-344 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This outline of the natural vegetation is the first result of the author's 3-year geobotanical research in Afghanistan. After discussion of methodics and of the interrelations between the natural vegetation and the anthropogenous vegetation the author deals with the environmental factors, mainly with climate and biotic influences. The climate of the country is characterized by winterrains and continental-type temperatures. The Indian monsoon summer-rain season influences but a narrow belt in Eastern Afghanistan, allowing there the development of veritable forests. The absence of true forests from the other parts of Afghanistan is either caused by the small amount of precipitation, or by the extremely unfavorable seasonal distribution (the dry summer period lasts for 5–7 months) combined with low winter temperatures. For the main types of natural vegetation a physiognomic-ecological classification is used. The subdivisions base on floristic criteria. Each unit is tentatively characterized according to its habitat, distribution, ecological and floristic structure. The main vegetation types are:Calligonum-Aristida-communities of motile sand dunes; chenopodiaceous dwarf shrub communities of extreme semi-deserts;Amygdalus-shrublands of moderate semi-deserts; ephemeral communities of the loess semi-deserts; subtropically influenced shrub- and grassland-communities; open deciduous woodlands; evergreen sclerophyllous forests and woodlands; evergreen coniferous forests and woodlands; subalpine thickets and cushion-shrublands; herbaceous communities of high-mountain areas.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Übersicht über die natürliche Vegetation ist das erste Ergebnis dreijähriger geobotanischer Arbeit des Verf. in Afghanistan. Nach Diskussion der angewandten Methodik und der Beziehungen zwischen anthropogener und natürlicher Vegetation in Afghanistan werden die Standortfaktoren dargestellt, darunter insbesondere Niederschlag, Temperatur und biotischer Einfluß. Das Klima vereint mediterranen Niederschlagsgang mit kontinentalen Temperaturverhältnissen. Nur in einem schmalen Gürtel im Osten des Landes fallen nennenswerte Sommerniederschläge, und nur dort treten echte Wälder auf. Das Fehlen einer eigentlichen Waldvegetation im größten Teil Afghanistans ist teils auf zu geringe Niederschläge, vielfach aber in erster Linie auf deren ungünstige Verteilung (5–7 monatige Trockenperiode) in Verbindung mit der durch die niedrigen Temperaturen verursachten Winterruhe zurückzuführen. Die Grundtypen der natürlichen Vegetation werden formationskundlich definiert und nach floristischen Kriterien untergliedert. Jede Einheit wird hinsichtlich ihrer Ökologie und Verbreitung charakterisiert und durch eine nach Lebensformen gegliederte Liste der wichtigsten Arten vorläufig gekennzeichnet. Die wichtigsten Vegetationstypen sind:Calligonum-Aristida-Gesellschaften bewegter Sanddünen; chenopodiaceen-reiche Gesellschaften der extremen Halbwüsten; strauchigeAmygdalus-Gesellschaften der gemäßigten Halbwüsten; Ephemeren-Halbwüsten der Lößzone; subtropisch beinflußter Trockenbusch und Grasland; sommergrüne Baumfluren und Offenwälder; immergrüne sklerophylle Laubwälder und Offenwälder; immergrüne Nadelwälder und Offenwälder; subalpine Knieholz-Gesellschaften und Dornpolster-Fluren; alpine und nivale Vegetation. Die Abbildungen umfassen u.a. eine neue Niederschlagskarte und zwei Vegetationskarten Afghanistans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 120 (1972), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Onosma (sect.Protonosma, subsect.Rostellata)intricatum Riedl etFreitag andParacaryum carinatum H.Riedl are described as new species.Heterocaryum irregulare H.Riedl, formerly regarded as a hybrid, proved to be an independent species, and is here provided with a detailed description for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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