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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Treatment ; Role of relative in therapy ; Course of illness ; Follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred alcoholics participated in a 6-week inpatient and a 6-week outpatient therapy programme and a 6-month and 18-month follow-up. Major goals of the study were a descriptive analysis of the course of illness over time, the evaluation of the effects of therapy in general and concerning the specific effects of additional (A) systematic inclusion of the key relative versus (B) systematic involvement in self-help, and identification of predictors for relapse. While therapy as such was quite effective and resulted in significant changes in symptomatology and the scores on personality scales, the additional involvement of the key relative showed no substantial additional treatment effects. Partnership interactions showed a deterioration during therapy, with temporary increased frictions. Based on conservative calculations, 40% of all patients remained abstinent until the 6-month follow-up and 30% until the 18-month follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A proposed scale for alcohol problems which consisted of five items, was psychometrically examined and validated. Latent class analysis was used in addition to classic psychometric measures. The use of this scale in health surveys of the general population seems to be justified, as it offers a reliable and very economic method to measure alcohol induced problems. It is therefore proposed that this scale should continue to be used in future rounds of the Swiss Health Survey. The context of the questioning has to be taken into account when interpreting the summary score, as items showed different patterns of response in personal vs interview questionnaires.
    Abstract: Résumé Une échelle de mesure des problèmes liés à l'alcool, consistant en cinq questions, a fait l'objet d'un examen de validation psychométrique. Aux mesures psychométriques classiques, on a ajouté une analyse de structure latente. L'usage de cette échelle de mesure dans le cadre de sondages sur la santé auprès du grand public semble justifié car elle est une méthode de mesure des problèmes liés à l'alcool fiable et très économique. En conséquence, nous proposons que cette échelle de mesure continue d'être utilisée dans le cadre des rondes du Sondage Suisse sur la Santé. Cependant, lors de l'interprétation du sommaire des résultats, il faut tenir compte du contexte au sein duquel l'entrevue a eu lieu. En effet, certaines questions ont présenté des profils de réponse variables entre les questionnaires administrés dans des contextes personnel et en entrevue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein vorgeschlagener Indikator für Alkoholprobleme aus fünf Items wurde über die üblichen klassisch-testtheoretischen Masse hinaus psychometrisch untersucht und validiert. Der Einsatz dieser Skala in Gesundheitsbefragungen der Allgemeinbevölkerung ist gerechtfertigt und bietet eine zuverlässige und sehr ökonomische Methode zur Messung von alkoholkonsuminduzierten Problemen. Für die schweizerische Gesundheitsbefragung wird daher der Einsatz dieser Skala auch für die künftigen Befragungswellen empfohlen. Der jeweilige Befragungskontext muss bei der Interpretation des Summenwertes im Einzelfall berücksichtigt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Trialkylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonates, VIII. - Synthesis of O-(Trimethylsilyl)ketene O,N-Acetals, 2,5-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)pyrroles, -furans, and -thiophenesKetene O,N-acetals 3, 4, 6, 8 are obtained from N,N-diarylcarboxamides and N-acetylheterocycles 5, 7 by silylation with trimethylsilyl triflate (2) in the presence of triethylamine. Analogous reactions of carboxamides 9 and N-acyllactams 11 yield the ketene O,N-acetals 10, 12. Succinimides 13, succinic anhydrides 20, and succinic thioanhydrides 22 are doubly silylated by 2 to give the 2,5-bis(trimethylsiloxy)heterocycles 14, 21, 23. 2,5-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)furan (21a) reacts with aldehyde acetals and orthoesters 24 catalyzed by 2 to yield 2,3-disubstituted succinic anhydrides 25.
    Notes: Keten-O,N-acetale 3, 4, 6, 8 erhält man aus N,N-Diarylcarbonsäureamiden 1 und N-Acetylheterocyclen 5, 7 durch Silylierung mit Trimethylsilyl-triflat (2) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin. Die analoge Umsetzung der Carbonsäureamide 9 und N-Acyllactame 11 führt zu den Keten-O,N-acetalen 10, 12. Aus der zweifachen Reaktion von Succinimiden 13, Bernsteinsäure-anhydriden 20 bzw. Bernsteinsäure-thioanhydriden 22 mit 2 erhält man die 2,5-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)heterocyclen 14, 21, 23. 2,5-Bis(trimethylsiloxy)furan (21a) setzt sich mit Aldehyd-acetalen und Orthoestern 24 in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen 2 zu den 2,3-disubstituierten Bernsteinsäure-anhydriden 25 um.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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