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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography in preoperative staging of lower rectal adenocarcinoma (1991)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 16 (1991), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Schlagwort(e): Adenocarcinoma, lower rectal ; Staging, US, CT ; Lymph nodes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A comparison of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and computed tomography (CT) for staging of rectal carcinoma was performed. Thirty-two patients were examined by TRUS and 30 by CT. The results of these preoperative examinations were compared with postoperative histopathological findings. TRUS had an accuracy of 81% and it predicted perirectal tumor growth with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 67%, whereas the corresponding figures for CT were 52%, 67%, and 27%. These findings indicate that TRUS is more efficient than CT in staging local tumor growth in rectal cancer. Neither technique, however, can reliably identify lymph node metastases, since no correlation was found between lymph node size as observed on CT and TRUS and tumor involvement as evaluated histopathologically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01887361
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Followup after 11 years – update of mortality results in the Stockholm mammographic screening trial (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 45 (1997), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; mass mammography ; screening ; mortality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Results from several randomised mammography screening trials haveshown that it is possible to reduce mortalityin breast cancer by mammographic screening at leastfor women above 50 years of age. Thepurpose of this article is to present dataon mortality in breast cancer in study andcontrol groups of the Stockholm trial after 11years of followup, to analyse which age groupbenefits most from screening. In March 1981, 40,318women in Stockholm, aged 40 through 64 years,entered a randomized trial of breast cancer screeningby single view mammography alone, versus no interventionin a control group of 20 000 women.Two screening rounds were performed and the attendancerate was over 80% in the two rounds.During 1986 the control group was invited onceto screening. Totally 428 and 217 cases ofbreast cancer were diagnosed in the study andcontrol groups respectively. After a mean follow-up of11.4 years a nonsignificant mortality reduction of 26%was observed for the whole study group, witha relative risk (RR) of death in breastcancer of 0.74 (CI(confidence interval)=0.5–1.1). Forwomen aged 50–64 years a significant 38% mortalityreduction was observed with a RR of 0.62(CI=0.38–1.0). For women aged 40–49 yearsno effect on mortality was found, with aRR of death in breast cancer of 1.08(CI=0.54–2.17). The breakpoint for benefit inthis study seemed to be at 50 yearsof age when 5-year age groups were analysed,but this tendency is uncertain because of thelow statistical power in the analysis of theyounger age groups. Long screening intervals, the useof single-view mammography, and the fact that morethan 50% of the women in age group40–49 years were still below 50 years ofage when the study was closed, were allfacts that could have influenced the results inage group 40–49 years. Larger studies are neededto answer the question whether mammographic screening canbe successful in younger age groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005872617944
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of interval breast carcinomas in a randomized screening trial in Stockholm (1987)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 9 (1987), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; mammography ; screening ; interval cancer ; prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the interval between screening examinations, some cases of breast cancer are invariably detected clinically in patients whose mammogram was considered to be normal at the earlier screening. During the first interval in the Stockholm study, 60 interval cancers were detected, giving a rate of 1.8 cases/1000 examinations/24 months. About half of these interval cases (31/60) were true interval tumours in that no sign of them could be found on the first mammogram; the other half, non-true, were possible to trace on the first mammogram. It is mainly women under 50 who feature in the interval group, above all in the sub-group of true interval cancers (p〈0.05). The incidence of interval cancer rises, as expected, with the length of the interval (Fig. 1). In the final six months of the 2-year interval the incidence of interval cancers had risen to 88 per cent of the cancers detected in the control group in the same period of time. The cumulative incidence of interval cancers supports the hypothesis that the distribution of sojourn time in the interval 0–2 years is approximately rectangular. This means that shortening the interval by one-half would halve the number of interval cases. If mammography becomes a wide spread screening method for early detection of breast cancer, the number of non-true interval cancers could be a feed back on the effectiveness of the screening. An analysis of the malignancy of the true interval cancers, based on tumour size, axillary status, tumour stage, and estrogen receptor content, shows that these are the more malignant tumours with an unfavourable prognosis, while the control group is intermediate in this respect and the tumours detected at screening have the most favourable prognosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806383
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Stockholm breast cancer screening trial — 5-year results and stage at discovery (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; mammography ; screening ; stage ; advanced cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In screening programmes it is important to assess a preliminary effectiveness of the screening method as soon as possible in order to forecast survival figures. In March 1981 a controlled single-view mammographic screening trial for breast cancer was started in the south of Stockholm. The population invited for screening mammography consisted of 40,000 women aged 40–64 years, and 20,000 women served as a well-defined control group. The main aim of the trial was to determine whether repeated mammographic screening could reduce the mortality in the study population (SP) compared to the control population (CP). The cumulative number of advanced mammary carcinomas in the screening and the control populations from the first five years of screening have shown a tendency towards more favourable stages in the screened population aged 40–64 years. A breakdown by age suggests an effect in age group 50–59 years, but not yet in age groups 40–49 and 60–64 years. When comparing the rates of stage II+ cancer, an increased number is found in the study group. As the total rate of breast cancer is higher in SP than in CP, there ought to be a concealed group of stage II+ cancers in the CP which makes the comparison biased. A new approach has been designed, where an estimation of the ‘hidden’ number of stage II+ cancers in CP is added to the clinically detected cases, and in this respect a comparison has shown a decrease in the cumulative number of advanced cancers in the SP in relation to the CP (p〈0.05). According to this it could be important to add the estimated number of undetected, hidden cases in the control group in order to utilize the difference in detection rate in the screening- and control group respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806553
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