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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Horizontal transposition of vertical rectus muscles for treatment of excyclotropia (1997)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 235 (1997), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Horizontal transposition of the vertical rectus muscles has been performed for treatment of excyclotropia associated with congenital absence of the superior oblique, and for residual excyclotropia after the Harada-Ito operation. However, the amount of excyclotropia that can be corrected and whether this technique alters the vertical muscle balance is not well known. We report the surgical results of three patients with pure excyclotropia who underwent unilateral one-half tendon width horizontal transpositions of vertical rectus muscles. • Methods: A one half muscle width temporal transposition of the superior rectus and nasal transposition of the inferior rectus muscles of one eye was per formed in three patients with pure excyclotropia and no associated hypertropia. All three had intermittent torsional diplopia before surgery. • Results: Postoperatively, excyclotropia decreased significantly in all fields of gaze, with 8° of reduction by synoptophore and 12.3° of reduction by fundus photography on average. There was no associated vertical or horizontal deviation. All three patients reported improvements of cyclofusion. • Conclusion: One-half muscle width temporal transposition of the superior rectus and nasal transposition of the inferior rectus muscles was effective in ameliorating excyclotropia and corrected subjective complaints without altering vertical muscle balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007829
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exotropia secondary to vitreous hemorrhage (1997)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 235 (1997), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Diplopia after cataract surgery has been reported by several authors, but diplopia after recovery from vitreous hemorrhage (VH) has not been described. •Methods: We examined eight patients with manifest exotropia and binocular diplopia after recovery from dense VH by vitreous surgery. VH was bilateral in three patients and unilateral in five, and lasted for an average of 7.7 years. • Results: Visual acuity before vitrectomy ranged from 20/200 to light perception; that after vitrectomy ranged from 20/20 to 20/60. Exotropia was present in all patients after vitrectomy. Additionally, seven out of eight patients had vertical strabismus with an average deviation of 6 prism diopters (Δ). Fusion was confirmed in four patients with an average amplitude of 13 Δ. Four patients underwent horizontal strabismus surgery. Fusion was present in two before strabismus surgery and in all four after surgery; however, unstable diplopia persisted in three of the four after surgery. • Conclusion: Diplopia after vitrectomy for longstanding VH may occur due to fusion impairment comparable to that occasionally seen after surgery for traumatic cataract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal function with lens-induced myopia compared with form-deprivation myopia in chicks (1997)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 235 (1997), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: The retina is known to be involved in the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM); however, it is not clear whether the retinal changes that lead to lens-induced myopia (LIM) are the same as those involved in FDM. To gain insight into the retinal mechanism(s) that cause myopia, we investigated differences in the results of electroretinography (ERG) in eyes with FDM and LIM. • Methods: LIM or FDM was induced in chick eyes by placing various powers of spectacles or an occluder over the left eyes of 6-day-old chicks. After 6 days, the spectacles or occluder was removed, refraction and axial length were measured and ERG was performed. Results for eyes treated with spectacles and those treated with occluders were compared. • Results: Refraction and axial length changed concomitant with the power of the lens used, but components of the ERG of eyes with LIM were not related to the power of lens added. Refraction and axial lengths of eyes covered with a — 16 D lens did not differ from these values in eyes covered with an occluder. The a- and b-waves were also similar for the two groups. However, oscillatory potentials decreased significantly in the chicks with FDM. • Conclusion: Retinal function differs in LIM and FDM, as indicated by differences in the oscillatory potentials. This difference may stem from the fact that in FDM the retinal image is continuously defocused, whereas images are ultimately focused on the retina in LIM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739642
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering of aqueous solutions of DNA, poly(acrylic acid), and tobacco mosaic virus under alternating electric field (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 2303-2314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new techniques, amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) of an electric field, are developed for the light-scattering study of polymer solutions under ac electric fields. The AM technique makes it possible to observe accurately the frequency dependence of the intensity changes of scattered light due to the electric field. The FM one allows us to obtain directly the frequency derivative of the intensity change. The techniques are applied to DNA, poly(acrylic acid), and tobacco mosaic virus in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. A low-frequency relaxation is found for both DNA and poly(acrylic acid). The obsersved relaxation time of DNA agrees with that in the dielectric relaxation of DNA, which has been attributed to the rotation of the molecule with a quasipermanent dipole. In the case of poly(acrylic acid), the relaxation strength increases with increasing degree of neutralization. TMV at a concentration of 0.1% exhibits a negative relaxation at low frequencies, which indicates the rotation of TMV aggregate with a permanent dipole along its minor axis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1979.360180917
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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