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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in jaw-jerk on different levels of jaw closure and teeth-clenching in humans (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated how the jaw-jerk in the human masseter muscle is modulated in relation to the level of jaw closure (JC) and teeth clenching. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded with surface electrodes. Background EMG activity of the masseter muscle was kept at three low teeth clenching levels with visual feedback. The level of JC was changed in six steps along the habitual path of closure relative to the mean maximal jaw opening during gum chewing by inserting a bite block between the upper and lower molars. The jaw-jerk was evoked by applying mechanical stimulation of about 20 N with a hammer to the bite-fork placed on the lower molars on one side in each condition of combination of a level of JC with a level of teeth-clenching. At the resting condition the excitability of the jaw-jerk increased with JC, while at weak voluntary teeth clenching it then decreased and increased again as the jaw was progressively closed. It is suggested that the excitability of the jaw-jerk would increase toward the occlusal position, which in turn would contribute to smooth masticatory movements. In addition, the mode of modulation of the jaw-jerk was studied in a subject with skeletal malocclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00580.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a new device for recording condylar head movement (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several excellent devices have recently been developed to precisely record mandibular movement. However, these devices are not always suitable for use under certain conditions, such as during sleep, because they incorporate a face bow unit. We report here a newly developed, easy and convenient recording device that does not require the use of an instrument within the mouth. Instead, a subminiature pressure transducer is inserted between the outer surface of a fixation device in the external auditory meatus and the anterior cutaneous surface of the external auditory meatus. The fixation device was made using silicone impression material in the shape of the inner external auditory meatus. Following moulding, the material was cut in half and the parts were reconnected using a coiled spring. This method is based on a routine clinical method for palpating the external auditory meatus to observe condylar head movement. By comparing the results obtained using this device with those obtained using CADIAX, we confirmed that it is useful for recording the movement of the condylar head in routine clinical examinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00569.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous Rupture Propagation on a Non-planar Fault in 3-D Elastic Medium (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 2003-2027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Boundary integral equation, spontaneous rupture propagation, non-planar fault.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —We constructed a new calculation scheme of spontaneous rupture propagation on non-planar faults in a 3-D elastic medium using a boundary integral equation method (BIEM) in time domain. We removed all singularities in boundary integral equations (BIEs) following the method proposed by Fukuyama and Madariaga (1995, 1998) for a planar fault in a 3-D elastic medium, and analytically evaluated all BIEs for a basic box-like discrete source. As an application of the new calculation scheme, we simulated rupture propagation on a bending fault subjected to uniform triaxial compression and examined the effect of fault bend upon the dynamic rupture propagation. From the numerical results, we found that rupture propagation is decelerated or arrested for some combination of inclined angle of the bending fault and absolute value of the fault strength. The most significant effect of bending is the nonuniform distribution of pre-loaded shear stress due to different orientation of the fault plane under a uniform tectonic stress regime. Our results also indicate that low absolute shear stress level is required to progress the rupture propagation ahead of the inclined fault.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001072
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic Propagation and Interaction of a Rupture Front on a Planar Fault (2000)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 157 (2000), S. 1959-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key Words: Dynamic earthquake rupture, rupture front interaction, boundary integral equation method.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstrac —We investigate the propagation and interaction of a rupture front that propagates on a planar fault using a boundary integral equation method. We show first that the rupture velocity is controlled by a delicate balance between consumed fracture energy and supplied elastic strain energy. A very sharp boundary in parameter space separates models in which ruptures stop spontaneously from those in which rupture propagates at super-shear speeds. The transition zone (or bifurcation) is shown to be stable with reference to small-scale heterogeneities of the stress field. Using the relations derived from this analysis we examined the mechanism to generate high slip rate when two rupture fronts collide. We found that collision at slow rupture velocities causes abrupt stress drop and generates high slip rates. However, these features tend to be moderated by large slip-weakening distances. Finally, we simulated rupture front focusing at the initial stages of an earthquake, a phenomenon that may cause high slip rate pulses and therefore generate high frequency seismic waves. We assume a pre-slip region, in which stress has decreased quasi-statically to the dynamic friction level. Due to this pre-slip, strong stress concentration has developed around the pre-slip area and a dynamic rupture starts at a certain point on the rim of the pre-slip region. We observe rupture front focusing that generates high slip rate pulses. We also studied a double pre-slip model, in which two pre-slip regions exist close to each other before the earthquake and found that multiple pre-slips enhance the focusing effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001070
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-hypersingular boundary integral equations for 3-D non-planar crack dynamics (2000)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 25 (2000), S. 613-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We derive a non-hypersingular boundary integral equation, in a fully explicit form, for the time-domain analysis of the dynamics of a 3-D non-planar crack, located in an infinite homogeneous isotropic medium. The hypersingularities, existent in the more straightforward expression, are removed by way of a technique of regularization based on integration by parts. The variables are denoted in terms of a local Cartesian coordinate system, one of the axes of which is always held locally perpendicular to the potentially curved surface of the crack. Also given, in a fully explicit form, are the expressions for the off-fault stress and displacement field, as well as the special form of the equations for the case in which the fault is planar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050508
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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