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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 42 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of pretreatment with varying doses of sufentanil on the subsequent induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, methohexitone or midazolam were studied in 240 healthy patients. The induction dose requirements for the barbiturates were significantly reduced by sufentanil 5.0 μg (methohexitone p 〈 0.05. thiopentone p 〈 0.01). Excitatory effects following methohexitone were decreased (p 〈 0.01) but brief respiratory depression was increased in both cases. Midazolam onset time was reduced, as was the frequency of failed induction, after sufentanil 5.0 μg (p 〈 0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The accuracy of ultrasound imaging to identify lumbar intervertebral level was assessed in 50 patients undergoing X-ray of the lumbar spine. Using an ultraviolet marker, an anaesthetist attempted to mark the L2/3, L3/4 and L4/5 intervertebral spaces. A radiologist unaware of these marks attempted to mark the same spaces with the aid of ultrasound imaging. X-ray-visible pellets were taped to the back at the various marks prior to lateral lumbar X-ray. Ultrasound imaging identified the correct level in up to 71% of cases, but palpation was successful in only 30% (p 〈 0.001). Up to 27% of marks using the palpation method were more than one spinal level above or below the assumed level using palpation, but none were more than one level high or low using ultrasound guidance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty adult patients following general surgical operation were treated with patient-controlled analgesia using morphine. Patients were allocated into three groups to receive: no background infusion, a 1 mg.h−1 or a 2 mg.h−1 background infusion. The other controls on the patient-controlled analgesia machine were set to allow a maximum dose of morphine of 6 mg.h−1 to each group. Analgesia was assessed after 4 and 24 h using a 100 mm horizontal visual analogue scale. The number of analgesic requests made by the patient and the number of those requests which resulted in successful deliveries was recorded. Patients who received a regimen including a background infusion had improved pain relief, particularly in the first 4 h of treatment (p 〈 0.05). Patients who received a background infusion of 2 mg.h−1 had an increased incidence of nausea (p 〈 0.05). A background infusion of I mg.h−1, with a 1 mg bolus dose and a 12 min lockout interval provided acceptable pain relief without excessive nausea. In all three groups the ratio of analgesic requests to successful deliveries correlated with the degree of pain reported by visual analogue score (p = 0.0001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans la vallée inférieure de la rivière Murray en Australie, le principal ravageur des citrus, le pou de Californie,Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) est contrôlé par de nombreux hyménoptères parasites introduits. Les introductions de parasites ont commencé en 1943 et furent poursuivies jusqu'en 1979. Huit espèces, en particulier des encyrtides du genreAphytis, ont été élevées en masse et lâchées. Les seules espèces établies de façon permanente furentAphytis chrysomphali Mercet,Comperiella bifasciata (Howard),A. melinus DeBach etProspaltella perniciosi (Tower).A. melius, importé en 1961, s'est rapidement installé dans toute la région; c'est le parasite le plus important et dominant qui a maintenant déplacéA. chrysomphali, introduit en 1954, dans tous les secteurs.C. bifasciata (1943) est également un parasite important distribué dans toute la superficie considérée.P. perniciosi (1970) est établi dans un petit nombre de vergers près de Mildura. L'essentiel des travaux sur la lutte biologique et intégrée contre la cochenille a commencé par l'installation de laboratoires et d'insectariums à Mildura en 1967 et à Loxton en 1968. Un insectarium commercial a été également construit à Loxton en 1971. Les méthodes de lutte biologique furent d'abord employées dans la pratique en 1944, pendant la guerre, par quelques arboriculteurs à Merbein dans le Sunraysia. Toutefois l'adoption des méthodes de lutte biologique et intégrée contre la cochenille et les autres ravageurs des citrus a commencé à une grande échelle à la fin des années 60. L'utilisation des insecticides organophosphorés s'est réduite depuis cette époque pour devenir proche de zéro en 1977. Les parasites et les pulvérisations d'huiles de pétrole ont été employés ensemble, dans quelques vergers, selon l'esprit de la lutte intégrée, pour lutter contre le pou de Californie. Le recours à la lutte biologique contre ce ravageur a provoqué un déclin des ravageurs secondaires à un degré tel qu'ils sont considérés maintenant comme contrôlés par leurs ennemis naturels. Les facteurs qui ont contribué au succès de ce programme de lutte intégrée sont discutés.
    Notes: Abstract In the lower Murray valley of Australia, the major insect pest of citrus, California red scaleAonidiella aurantii (Maskell), is controlled by a number of introduced hymenopterous parasites. Parasite introductions began in 1943, and continued until 1979. Eight species, especially in the Encyrtid genusAphytis, were introduced and mass released. The only species to become permanently established wereAphytis chrysomphali Mercet,Comperiella bifasciata (Howard),A. melinus DeBach, andProspaltella perniciosi (Tower).A. melinus, introduced in 1961, has become widely established throughout the region, is the dominant and most important parasite, and now appears to have completely displacedA. chrysomphali (1954) in all areas.C. bifasciata (1943) is also an important parasite and is distributed throughout the area.P. perniciosi (1970) is established on a few orchards near Mildura. Most of the work on the biological and integrated control of red scale began with the establishment of laboratory and insectary facilities at Mildura in 1967 and Loxton in 1968. A commercial insectary was also established at Loxton in 1971. Biological methods of insect control were first used commercially during 1944 (war period) by a few citrus growers at Merbein in Sunraysia. However, the adoption of biological and integrated methods for the control of red scale and other citrus pests, began on a large scale in the late 1960's. The use of organophosphate insecticides on citrus has declined since that time and has been close to zero since about 1977. Parasites and petroleum oil sprays have been used together in an integrated approach to the control of California red scale on some orchards. The biological control of this key pest has led to a decline in the incidence of secondary pests to the point where all insect pests of citrus are now regarded as being under effective biological control. The incidence of red scale, and other pests, has been less under biological and integrated control than it ever was when chemical control measures were widely used in the 1960's. Factors which have contributed to the success of the programme are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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