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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of analytical pyrolysis to the study of stony cultural properties
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 20 (1991), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; organic compounds ; pyrolysis ; stony cultural properties
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-2370(91)80075-J
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “In vitro” biofilm formation by Penicillum frequentans strains on sandstone, granite, and limestone (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 408-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The appearance of crusts or patinas on surfaces of stone monuments are indicative signs of weathering. In many cases, microorganisms are mainly responsible for stone decay, giving rise to the formation of characteristic biodeteriorative patinas, called biofilms. In the present work, “in vitro” biofilm formation on sandstone, limestone, and granite block samples by Penicillium frequentans strains isolated from two Spanish cathedrals is demonstrated. Spore suspensions of P. frequentans strains were inoculated on each block sample of unaltered stone material cited above. Biofilms of 1–2 mm thickness were formed on each of the three rock samples, and analysed by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray mapping (energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, KEVEX system). In the three cases, biofilms were principally composed of: fungal mycelium, mineral particles released from the stony substratum, and newly formed organic salts such as oxalate and citrate. These biofilms enhance and accelerate the deteriorative process of rocks due to the loss of stone material (biopitting and mineral grains captured by mycelium) and to alteration of the mineral crystalline networks (cation release by organic acids).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese and iron oxidation by fungi isolated from building stone (1994)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 27 (1994), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acid and nonacid generating fungal strains isolated from weathered sandstone, limestone, and granite of Spanish cathedrals were assayed for their ability to oxidize iron and manganese. In general, the concentration of the different cations present in the mineral salt media directly affected Mn(IV) oxide formation, although in some cases, the addition of glucose and nitrate to the culture media was necessary. Mn(II) oxidation in acidogenic strains was greater in a medium containing the highest concentrations of glucose, nitrate, and manganese. High concentrations of Fe(II), glucose, and mineral salts were optimal for iron oxidation. Mn(IV) precipitated as oxides or hydroxides adhered to the mycelium. Most of the Fe(III) remained in solution by chelation with organic acids excreted by acidogenic strains. Other metabolites acted as Fe(III) chelators in nonacidogenic strains, although Fe(III) deposits around the mycelium were also detected. Both iron and manganese oxidation were shown to involve extracellular, hydrosoluble enzymes, with maximum specific activities during exponential growth. Strains able to oxidize manganese were also able to oxidize iron. It is concluded that iron and manganese oxidation reported in this work were biologically induced by filamentous fungi mainly by direct (enzymatic) mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165816
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of pine kraft lignin by Coriolopsis gallica growing on a fibre-glass support (1991)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 25 (1991), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Coriolopsis gallica was grown in static liquid cultures on an inert support consisting of fibre-glass impregnated with Indulin AT (pine kraft lignin). The fungus developed well in such conditions enabling the study with the SEM of the morphology and penetration of the fungus. The method also pemits the recovery of degraded lignin, the characteristics of which was monitored by direct analysis of its elementary composition, methoxyls groups, and by spectroscopic techniques and gel permeation. Degraded lignin differed from sound lignin by its higher percentages of oxygen, and lower percentages of C, H, and OCH3 was richer in oxygen. The IR and vis-UV spectra as well as the fractionation by gel filtration showed that the structure of the lignin incubated in the presence of the fungus had been modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226809
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the effect of some biocides against organisms isolated from historic monuments (2000)
    Springer
    Aerobiologia 16 (2000), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: biocides ; monuments ; organisms ; weathering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the surfaces of monuments and buildings, organic and inorganic pollutants accumulate, as well as various microbial communities which contribute to stone decay. In order to control these organisms, we have tested some chemical products with biocide and water-repellent properties. Some of these products were tested in an agar diffusion test and on limestone slabs. Efficacy of the products and the microbial inhibition were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026562407821
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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