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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of pediatric urolithiasis in south-east Anatolia (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background : Urolithiasis is endemic in Turkey and characteristics of urolithiasis vary in different regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the etiological and clinical characteristics and course of pediatric urolithiasis in south-east Turkey. Methods : The study population consisted of 81 children (52 girls) with urolithiasis at a mean age of 6.2 ± 4.2 years who were followed up for 1–32 months. Results : Metabolic disorders, anatomical defects and infection stones were found to be the etiological factor in 34.6, 29.6 and 22.2% of patients, respectively, while 13.6% of patients were considered idiopathic. Of all patients, 28.4% were admitted with acute renal failure (ARF) and 72.8% had urinary tract infection. Recurrence was seen in 19.8% of patients at presentation. The localization of the stone was found to be in the upper urinary tract, the lower urinary tract or both in 65.4, 14.8% and 17.3% of patients, respectively. Patients with multiple and bilateral stones had a higher risk for ARF than the others. The risk for chronic renal failure was significantly higher in children with multiple, bilateral or recurrent stones and with ARF at presentation. Conclusions : Early diagnosis and management of renal stones and urinary tract infections is necessary to prevent the development of ARF or chronic renal failure and to improve the quality of a patient’s life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00207.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-oxidant status in relation to lipoproteins, leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Reactive oxygen species and cytokines are reported to play a role in the proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate indirect evidence of oxidant activity together with leptin, lipoproteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.Methods:  A total of 40 children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (20 with newly onset or relapse comprised group I and 20 in remission while receiving steroids comprised group II) and 20 sex and age matched healthy control children were included. The following indirect parameters of oxidant activity were determined: serum malondialdehyde, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase and whole-blood-reduced glutathione. Serum leptin, lipids and lipoproteins were also determined.Results:  Similar glutathione, increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were observed in group I patients compared with controls. There was no significant difference in these variables between group I and group II (P 〉 0.05). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations were similar in patients and controls. Concentrations of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 were higher in the active phase of nephrotics compared with controls (P 〈 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between malondialdehyde and interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, leptin and lipoprotein (a) (P 〈 0.05). There were significant negative correlations between anti-oxidants and leptin, lipoprotein (a) and several cytokines (P 〈 0.05).Conclusions:  Changes in the concentrations of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione are compatible with increased amounts of oxidation in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines may be related to excessive protein permeability in nephrotic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2004.00340.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor genes and renal scarring in non-uropathic children with recurrent urinary tract infection (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 10 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) gene polymorphisms were associated with the renal scar formation secondary to recurrent urinary tract infection in children without uropathy.Methods:  The polymorphisms were investigated by polymerase chain reaction in 97 children (81 females, 16 males; age, 2.5–13 years) with recurrent urinary tract infection and 100 healthy controls as a single centre study. Children with vesicoureteral reflux, bladder dysfunction and other uropathies were excluded. The dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan performed at least 3 months after a proven urinary tract infection and the result of the last DMSA was taken into consideration.Results:  Renal scarring was found in 30 patients (30.9%) using DMSA scan. The number of urinary tract infection attacks was significantly higher in patients with renal scarring compared with children without scarring (P 〈 0.05). The follow-up period and male/female ratio of patients with or without renal scarring was similar (P 〉 0.05). Age at the first urinary tract infection was lower in the group with scarring. The ACE insertion/deletion genotype distribution and D allele frequency were similar between patients and controls (P 〉 0.05), and in patients with renal scarring and those without renal scarring. Also, the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism was not associated with renal parenchymal damage (P 〉 0.05).Conclusion:  The results indicated that the ACE insertion/deletion and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms were not independent risk factors for renal scar formation in recurrent urinary tract infection of paediatric patients without uropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00430.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of passive smoking on the development of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 16 (2000), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Bronchiolitis ; Cotinine ; Passive smoking ; Respiratory syncytial virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In spite of the increasing evidence that passive smoking increases the incidence of respiratory infections and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, the information about whether exposure to sudden heavy smoke enhances the development of acute respiratory infections in children remains inadequate. In this study, to quantitate the level of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, in 28 children (age ranging 2–18 months) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and in 30 children (age ranging between 2–15 months) with non-respiratory symptoms, the serum levels of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, were measured at admission to the emergency department. Parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the housing conditions and their smoking habits. Serum samples were taken again from the children with RSV bronchiolitis at their second visit at 1 month after discharge from the hospital. The children with RSV bronchiolitis had higher levels of serum cotinine (mean of 10.8 ng/ml) in the acute stage, compared with post-bronchiolitis stage (mean of 7.4 ng/ml). Moreover, patients admitted with non-respiratory symptoms had significantly lower levels of serum cotinine (mean of 3.9 ng/ml) than both phases of patients with RSV bronchiolitis. Children with RSV bronchiolitis were found to have higher levels of cotinine when either the mother or both of the parents smoked, than the children with non-smoker parents. In conclusion, children admitted to the hospital with RSV bronchiolitis were shown to be acutely exposed to more cigarette smoke after 1 month and much more than the children admitted for non-respiratory diseases. These findings may imply that sudden heavy cigarette smoke exposure may predispose to an acute respiratory infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007658411953
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal tetanus: A continuing challenge in the southeast of Turkey (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 15 (1999), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Neonatal tetanus ; Prognosis ; Public health ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neonatal tetanus (NT) still causes significant mortality in developing countries, although in 1989 WHO adopted the goal of eliminating the disease by 1995–2000. To characterize the regional characteristics, clinical charts of 55 neonates (42 males and 13 females) admitted to the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ward of Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey with the diagnosis of NT from 1991 to 1997 were reviewed. Mean age at admittance was 8.9±4.3 days with a range of 3–25 days. Mean period for the appearance of first symptoms was 5.8 days ranging between 1 and 21 days. Mean birth weight of the patients was 3369±560 g. All patients were from rural areas and were delivered at home by untrained traditional birth attendants with no prior antenatal healthcare services. Razor blade (55%), scissors (27%), and knife (18%) were the instruments used to cut the cord in non-hygienic conditions. No mothers had prior vaccination with tetanus toxoid during their pregnancy. Spasticity (76%), lack of sucking (71%), trismus (60%), fever (49%), omphalitis (44%), irritability (24%), risus sardonicus (22%), and opithotonus (15%) were the most common presenting signs and symptoms. Age at admission 〈7.5 days and symptoms of onset 〈4.9 days, risus sardonicus and opisthotonus were associated with fatal outcome. All patients were treated with human tetanus immunglobulin or equine tetanus antitoxin where available, antibiotic therapy by penicillin G (100.000U/kg/day) and intravenous high dose diazepam (40mg/kg/day). Overall mortality rate was 40% (22 cases), without any equipment for mechanical ventilation. Health education of mothers and birth attendants, promotion of hospital delivery and prenatal tetanus immunization of all pregnant women particularly in rural areas are recommended, if NT is to be prevented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007500109522
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