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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the T-Cell Receptor in a Tiαβ, Tiγδ Double Positive T-Cell Line (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The multichain T-cell receptor is composed of at least six different polypeptide chains. The clonotypic Ti heterodimer (Tiαβ or Tiγδ) is non-covalently associated with the CD3 chains (CD3γδɛζ). The exact number of subunits constituting the T-cell receptor is still not known. It has been suggested that each T-cell receptor contains two Ti dimers. To gain insight into the structure of the T-cell receptor we constructed a Tiαβ, Tiγδ double positive T-cell line which contained four functional Ti chains (Tiαβ, β, γ, and δ). The data demonstrated an absence of Ti dimers containing mixtures of chains other than the typical Tiαβ and Tiγδ combinations. Furthermore, by co-modulation experiments we demonstrated that the Tiαβ and the Tiγδ dimers were not expressed in the same T-cell receptor. Our data indicate that the T-cell receptor does not contain two Ti dimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01766.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Depletion of Mature T Lymphocytes from Human Bone Marrow (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An effective method for specific depletion of mature T lymphocytes from human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) with preservation of prethymic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells is presented. The BMMC were incubated with F101.01, a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope of the T-cell receptor CD3 complex, and subsequently with immunomagnetic beads. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that mature T cells were efficiently depleted and that NK cells and prethymic T cells were preserved in the BMMC. Furthermore, T cell-mediated immune reaction as measured by thymidine incorporation after stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin was abolished, whereas NK activity as measured by 51Cr release using K562 as target cells was preserved. Recovery of colony-forming units of granulocyte macrophages was 60–70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01165.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auditory Mechanisms of the Lower Brainstem (1978)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 1 (1978), S. 363-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.01.030178.002051
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro Production and Characterization of Partly Assembled Human CD3 Complexes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairwise assembly of human CD3 chains takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of T cells. Subsequently, the CD3 heterodimers form complexes with Tiα and Tiß chains forming hexameric TiαβCD3γεδε complexes. Finally, association with the ζ2 homodimer occurs in Golgi apparatus before the fully assembled T-cell receptor is transported to the cell surface. To study the structural properties of the human CD3 chains, we have developed new methods to produce and fold the extracellular domains of CD3γ, CD3δ and CD3ε. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as denatured chains and de novo folded in vitro. CD3γ and CD3ε folded as soluble monomers, whereas CD3δ did not yield any soluble proteins. When folding the chains pairwise, soluble CD3γε and CD3δε heterodimers could be isolated, whereas CD3γδ heterodimers were not produced. Using antibodies as structural probes, we identified two different types of antigenic epitopes that were dependent on heterodimerization. Our data indicate that CD3ε undergoes a conformational change after dimerization with CD3γ or CD3δ. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CD3γε heterodimer could be purified using immunoaffinity chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01151.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteasomal Targeting and Minigene Repetition Improve Cell-Surface Presentation of a Transfected, Modified Melanoma Tumour Antigen (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanoma antigen recognized by T cell 1 (MART-1) is regarded as a candidate peptide for vaccination against malignant melanoma, and it is of importance to develop strategies to improve the vaccine-elicited T-cell activation towards MART-1. T-cell activation is, among other determinants, dependent on the density of specific major histocompatibility complex–peptide complexes on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. In this study, we explored the cell-surface presentation of a substituted MART-1 peptide encoded by transfected minigenes. We investigated the potential of proteasomal targeting compared to non-proteasomal targeting of the epitope to increase its cell-surface presentation. Furthermore, we explored the potential of incorporating multiple minigenes instead of one to increase cell-surface presentation. We show that both proteasomal targeting and repetition of the minigene increase cell-surface presentation of the epitope and propose both these approaches as potential strategies in DNA vaccines to increase MART-1-specific T-cell activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01374.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Receptor Downregulation by Ceramide-Induced Caspase Activation and Cleavage of the ζ Chain (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Regulation of T-cell receptor (TCR) cell surface expression levels is probably an important mechanism by which T-cell responsiveness is controlled. Previously, two distinct pathways for TCR downregulation have been described. One is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) and the leucine-based receptor-sorting motif (l-based motif) of the CD3γ chain but independent of tyrosine kinases, whereas the other is dependent on the tyrosine kinase activation but independent of the PKC and the CD3γl-based motif. In this study, we describe a new pathway for TCR downregulation distinct from both the PKC/CD3γl-based motif-dependent and the tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways. This pathway is dependent on ceramide-induced activation of caspases and correlate with caspase-mediated cleavage of the ζ chain. Thus, a 10–15% downregulation of the TCR was induced following the treatment of the T cells with ceramide for 4 h. A close correlation between TCR downregulation, caspase activation, and cleavage of the ζ chain was found. Furthermore, the caspase inhibitors abolished the cleavage of the ζ chain and TCR downregulation in parallel with the inhibition of the caspase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00852.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phlorotanninvorstufen aus Dictyota dichotoma
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 16 (1977), S. 2035-2036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Dictyotadichotoma ; Dictyotales ; brown algae ; difucol hexaacetate ; diphlorethol pentaacetate ; identification. ; polyphenols
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(77)80127-1
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Highly Conserved Phenylalanine in the α, β-T Cell Receptor (TCR) Constant Region Determines the Integrity of TCR/CD3 Complexes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, we have investigated the importance of a phenylalanine (phe195) in the Tcr-Cα region on Tcr-α, β/CD3 membrane expression. An exchange of phe195 with a tyrosine residue does not affect Tcr/CD3 membrane expression; however, exchange with aspartic acid, histidine or valine prohibit completely Tcr/CD3 membrane expression. This seems to be due to a lack of interaction between mutated Tcr-α, β/CD3-γɛ, δɛ complexes and ζ2 homodimers. The Tcr-Cα region around phe195 seems together with the same region in the Tcr-Cβ region to constitute an interaction site for ζ2 homodimers. The presence of phe195 on both Tcr-Cα and Tcr-Cβ causes high avidity interaction with ζ2 homodimers, whereas his195 in both Tcr-Cγ and Tcr-Cδ results in an apparently lower avidity interaction with ζ2 homodimers. It is suggested that the phe195 region (on β-strand F) and eventually adjacent aromatic amino acid residues on β-strand B region may play an important role in Tcr-α, β/CD3 membrane expression, in Tcr-α, β/CD3 competition with Tcr-γ, δ/CD3 complexes for ζ2 homodimers and in the control of formation of ‘mixed’ Tcr heterodimers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03469.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to Synthesize the Human T-Cell CD3-ζ Chain and Its Consequence for the T-Cell Receptor-CD3 Complex Expression (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The T-cell antigen receptor is composed of two variable chains (α and β, termed TcR) which confer ligand specificity, and four constant chains (γ, δ,ɛ, and ζ, collectively termed CD3) whose functions are not Cully understood. To explore the role of the individual CD3 components, the human T-cell tumour line Jurkat was chemically mutagenized followed by negative selection with F101.01 (a monoclonal antibody against the TcR-CD3 complex), and cloning. Growing clones were analysed for TcR-CD3 expression by immunofluorescence. One clone, J79, was found to express greatly diminished levels of TcR-CD3. This clone produced all the TcR-CD3 components except the CD3-ζ, as demonstrated by metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation followed by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data indicate that the CD3-ζ determines the normal intracellular fate of the TcR-CD3 complex, and that the CD3-ζ is necessary for the intracellular transport and expression at the cell surface of the TcR-CD3 complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01201.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Transformed T Cells from an Antigen-Specific T-Cell Line (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An anligen-specific T-cell line which transforms into T-lymphoma cells in vitro but apparently not in vivo is described. Membrane markers, tumorigenicity and T-cell receptor(TcR) Vα and Vβ- gene usage of the in vitro transformed T-cell line were analysed to investigate whether the transformation event was poly-, oligo-, or monoclonal. The results indicate that the Tlymphoma has no chromosome abnormalities, contains no tumour-inducing virus, can induee clone-specific immunity, and is oligodonal wilh respect to TcR Vα and Vβ expression. The nature of the transformation event and clinical application of vaccination against Tlymphomas is diseussed. In addition, the expressed TcR Vα and Vβ repertoire of Con A T blasts was apparently not affected by the Igh-I or the MHC haplotype, as investigated in lgh-1 and MHC congeneic C57BI mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02815.x
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