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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 18 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The protocol described here has been developed to measure the stability of UV-B filters; a modified version is recommended for UV-A filters. It should be considered as a tool to predict the effectiveness remaining after exposure to UV-A and UV-B light. It is a simple and reliable in vitro model simulating conditions of actual use. The results show that each filter requires an appropriate choice and fine tuning of reproducible analytical conditions. While absolute values are directly influenced by uncertainties in irradiance (dosimetry), comparative measurements with respect to a known standard are very reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 16 (1992), S. 377-379 
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Sunscreens ; thymine dimerisation ; triplet energy level.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Between April, 1980 and August, 1985, 240 patients were operated on for localised or generalised intraabdominal infection and in addition received anti-microbial therapy. Thirty-one patients were treated with latamoxef, 33 with ceftazidime, 20 with ceftriaxone, 47 with imipenem/cilastatin, and 109 with a combination of aminoglycosides and clindamycin (control group). The indications for surgery included: post operative peritonitis; gall bladder empyema; perforated gastroduodenal ulcer; perforation of the small intestine with or without ileus; perforated appendicitis; perforation of the colon. On average, treatment with latamoxef amounted to 12 days, with ceftazidime: 9.4 days, with ceftriaxone 8.4 days and with imipenem/cilastatin 6.7 days. The clinical success occurred in 84% of those treated with latamoxef, 79% for ceftazidime, 50% for ceftriaxone and 81% for imipenem/cilastatin. The rate of clinical success for patients treated with an aminoglycoside/clindamycin combination was 58%. The effectiveness of the β-lactam antibiotics studied was at least equal to that of the aminoglycoside/clindamycin combination. The β-lactam antibiotics had the advantage of a simpler clinical application, unlike treatment with aminoglycosides, where serum level monitoring is necessary. These clinical results were not as a rule improved upon following an extension of the period of treatment by one week.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Zeitraum zwischen April 1980 und August 1985 wurden insgesamt 240 Patienten wegen einer lokalisierten oder generalisierten intraabdominellen Infektion operiert und erhielten zusätzlich eine antimikrobielle Therapie. 31 Patienten wurden mit Latamoxef behandelt, 33 mit Ceftazidim, 20 mit Ceftriaxon, 47 mit Imipenem/Cilastatin und 109 mit der Kombination eines Aminoglykosids mit Clindamycin (Kontrollgruppe). Die Operationsindikationen waren unter anderem postoperative Peritonitis, Gallenblasenempyem, perforierte Gastro-Duodenal-Ulzera, Dünndarmperforation mit oder ohne Ileus, perforierte Appendizitis, Kolonperforation. Bei Behandlung mit Latamoxef betrug die durchschnittliche Therapiedauer 12 Tage, bei Ceftazidim 9,4 Tage, bei Ceftriaxon 8,4 Tage und bei Imipenem/Cilastatin 6,7 Tage. Das klinische Ergebnis wurde von der Therapiedauer nicht beeinflußt. Ein klinischer Erfolg wurde bei 84% der mit Latamoxef, 79% der mit Ceftazidim, 50% der mit Ceftriaxon und 81% der mit Imipenem/Cilastatin behandelten Patienten erzielt. Die klinische Erfolgsrate bei Patienten, die mit einer Aminoglykosid/Clindamycin-Kombination behandelt wurden, erreichte 58%. Die Wirksamkeit der geprüften β-Laktam-Antibiotika war der der Aminoglykosid/Clindamycin-Kombinationen mindestens ebenbürtig. Die β-Laktam-Antibiotika hatten den Vorzug der einfacheren klinischen Anwendung, da im Gegensatz zur Aminoglykosidtherapie keine Serumspiegelbestimmungen nötig waren. Die klinischen Resultate ließen sich durch eine Verlängerung der Antibiotikatherapie über eine Woche hinaus in der Regel nicht verbessern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The singlet photodecarbonylation of the indanyl aldehyde 7 - a benzohomologue of laurolenal (1) and also a conformationally rigid ‘out-of-plane’ analogue of the α-aryl aldehyde 4 previously studied [5] [6], - and of the heterocyclic derivatives 8-10 in degassed solutions, has been investigated. While 7 decarbonylates uniformly to the niethylindan 30 in close analogy to the examples studied previously, 8 and 9 decompose to the corresponding Δ2-unsaturated compounds 33, 35 in addition to decarbonylation to 32, 34. The results provide an independent indication for intermediate photolytically formed radical pairs (a) in which heteroatoms facilitate radical removal of hydrogen from C(2), and thus introduce disproportionation to give unsaturated products + CH2O, competing with the otherwise exclusive alternative affording saturated products +CO.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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