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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared fluorescence spectra of Nd3+ sites in gadolinium gallium garnet:Nd and gadolinium gallium garnet:Nd,Cr (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5876-5880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fluorescence (excitation and emission) spectra of Nd3+ ions in gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG):Nd and GGG:Nd,Cr have been investigated in the spectral region of laser interest, 4F3/2→4I11/2 transitions. Four sites, denoted as α, β, γ, and δ are present in GGG:Nd, while two additional sites, ε and ζ, appear in GGG:Nd,Cr crystals. Site selective excitation (by using a Ti-sapphire laser) has permitted to obtain the energy level values for each Nd3+ site. This information is necessary for making lasers with these materials. Thus, it has been determined that the γ site is the responsible for laser action in the GGG:Nd minilasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351893
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-excited luminescence in Ti-doped MgAl2O4 spinel (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 736-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photoluminescence (excitation, emission, and fluorescence decay time) spectra of spinel (Ti:MgAl2O4) excited by pulsed Nd:YAG and dye lasers have been systematically investigated. Excitation into the T2g→Eg crystal-field transition of Ti3+ produces a broad infrared emission band at 805 nm which could, in principle, be used for tunable laser applications. Two different Ti3+ centers with lifetimes of 4.2 and 41 μs contribute to this emission. At the same time this IR band can also be observed under high-intensity excitation in the ultraviolet region (266 nm) via a two-photon process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346807
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized absorption of Nd3+ in LiNbO3: Effect of MgO codoping (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5929-5935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic investigation is presented of the polarized optical absorption of the Nd3+ ion in LiNbO3 and LiNbO3(MgO) crystals. Energy levels of Nd3+ are identified and labeled by appropriate crystal quantum numbers μ=1/2 or μ=3/2, in agreement with C3 local symmetry. The anisotropic Judd–Ofelt theory is applied to estimate spectroscopic parameters relevant for laser applications (radiative lifetimes and branching ratios from the 4F3/2 laser state). Fluorescence lifetimes are also determined to estimate the quantum efficiency from the 4F3/2 state: η=0.6 for LiNbO3:Nd and η=0.5 for LiNbO3(MgO):Nd. The effect of MgO codoping in the energy levels as well as in the spectroscopic parameters of the Nd3+ ion is evaluated and discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359174
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous wave laser radiation at 1314 and 1386 nm and infrared to red self-frequency doubling in nonlinear LaBGeO5:Nd3+ crystal (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2722-2724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report efficient generation of continuous wave laser radiation in the nonlinear LaBGeO5:Nd3+ crystal around 1.3 μm. The 4F3/2→4I13/2 laser channel of Nd3+ ions in this crystal leads to efficient generation of laser radiation at 1314 nm (π polarization) and at 1386 nm (σ polarization). Under resonant pumping with a Ti:sapphire laser at 800 nm in the GaAlAs laser diode emission spectral region, an absorbed power threshold of 26 mW is obtained for 1% output coupling. A slope efficiency of 40% is obtained for an output coupling of 3%. Visible red laser radiation at 657 nm is obtained by self-frequency doubling in a type I phase matched crystal. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125128
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and second harmonic generation characterization of Er3+ doped bulk periodically poled LiNbO3 (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Samples of Er3+ doped bulk periodically poled lithium niobate have been grown by the Czochralski method. The efficiency, tuning and thermal tolerances of infrared to green second harmonic generation have been measured, showing good accordance with a 4%–5% dispersion in the domain period length. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121866
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second harmonic generation in LaBGeO5:Nd3+ (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2517-2519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear properties relevant to second harmonic generation in LaBGeO5:Nd3+ are reported. This work focuses on the infrared region of the spectrum leading to blue-green laser radiation by self-frequency doubling, but covers a wide spectral range useful for other lanthanide Ln3+ rare-earth doping ions. Phase matching conditions, walk-off angle, and thermo-optic tuning sensitivity for second harmonic generation are reported. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical characterization and laser gain modeling of a NdAl3(BO3)4 (NAB) microchip laser crystal (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 561-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work a systematic optical characterization of the NdAl3(BO3)4 (NAB) crystal has been carried out by means of spectroscopic measurements. The energy levels (118) of the Nd3+ constituent ions have been identified and labeled by appropriate crystal field quantum numbers (μ=1/2 or μ=3/2). Laser site selective experiments revealed the presence of two nonequivalent environments for the Nd3+ ions. From room temperature absorption and emission spectra and using the Judd–Ofelt formalism the emission cross sections and quantum efficiency (η=0.1) of the metastable state 4F3/2 have been determined. By further modeling we have estimated the crystal length and output coupler transmittance which optimize laser efficiency of a diode pumped NAB laser. The optimum crystal length found in all cases is around 100 μm. Finally, the high laser efficiencies predicted (up to 61% and 45% for laser oscillation at 1.06 and 1.34 μm, respectively) make NAB an excellent candidate to be incorporated in a diode pumped microchip laser device. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379777
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the stoichiometry in the site distribution of Cr3+ ions in LiNbO3 (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1887-1888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter the influence of the stoichiometry ([Li]/[Nb] ratio) on the R absorption lines of Cr3+ in LiNbO3 has been investigated. It is shown that Cr3+ ions occupy the Li+ and Nb5+ lattice sites but their relative distribution is modified by changing the melt composition ([Li]/[Nb] ratio). It has been also concluded that the defects associated to the nonstoichiometry (antisites and Nb vacancies) of the crystal host are responsible for the incorporation of Cr3+ ions into the LiNbO3 matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109532
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nd3+ active sites in Nd:MgO:LiNbO3 lasers (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 3206-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fluorescence (excitation and emission) spectra of Nd3+ in Nd:MgO:LiNbO3 have been systematically investigated in order to identify the Nd3+ sites responsible for the two, π (1.085 μm) and σ (1.093 μm), infrared laser lines. Experimental results reveal that Nd3+ ions entering both Li+ and Nb5+ lattice sites are responsible for the π emission line (1.085 μm), whereas Nd3+ ions perturbed by close Mg2+ ions, called Nd-Mg sites, are the sites producing the σ emission line (1.093 μm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106740
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lattice location of rare-earth ions in LiNbO3 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3735-3737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The lattice location of three rare-earth ions (Pr3+, Ho3+, Yb3+) in LiNbO3 is investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling techniques. All of them are found to occupy the Li+ octahedron but shifted from the Li+ regular position by different amounts (−0.45 A(ring) for Pr3+, −0.38 A(ring) for Ho3+, and −0.3 A(ring) for Yb3+) as previously reported for other rare-earth ions. The amount of displacement is directly related to the variation of the ionic radius of the rare-earth ion, oppositely to transition metal ions which are not shifted. A simple model based on electronic configuration is given to account for this behavior. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115366
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