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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic, metabolic and physical responses to a neuroleptanalgesic-glyceryl guaiacolate combination in the horse (1989)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 13 (1989), S. 113-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anaesthesia ; neuroleptanalgesia ; horse ; drugs ; acepromazine ; etorphine ; glyceryl guaiacolate ; toxicity ; respiration ; blood ; electrolyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A commercial neuroleptanalgesic acepromazine-etorphine combination administered intramuscularly to four horses produced a severe tachycardia and an increase in muscular tone, together with hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis associated with an increase in the packed cell volume and hyperglycaemia. No electrolyte changes were found. After reversal of the action of etorphine with diprenorphine, there was a prolonged decrease in the calcium and phosphorus serum concentrations and decreases in the packed cell volume and the total protein serum concentration. In a second experiment on the same four horses, glyceryl guaiacolate (10 g/100 kg body weight intravenously) was given as soon as the horses were anaesthetized with acepromazine-etorphine. The muscular rigidity disappeared and the tachycardia was less evident. There was a more pronounced hypoxaemia but the changes in the other parameters were similar to those in the first experiment. It was concluded that the neuroleptanalgesic-glyceryl guaiacolate combination is not a safe anaesthetic procedure in horses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346721
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthesia for fluorescein angiography of the ocular fundus in the miniature pig (1990)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 14 (1990), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anaesthesia ; angiography ; eye ; pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A safe and reproducible procedure is described for anaesthesia and ophthalmic fluorescein angiography in the miniature pig. Twenty examinations were performed in five adult miniature pigs. A detailed description is given of the anaesthetic procedure, in particular of the techniques for endotracheal intubation and for intra-arterial and intravenous cannulation. All cardiovascular parameters recorded during the experiments remained within acceptable anaesthetic limits. The fluorescein angiographic technique, which is routinely used in human ophthalmology, was adapted for the pig. This procedure for in vivo examination of the porcine eye is interesting and useful for experimental ophthalmic research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343217
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary study on the effects of atropine sulphate on bradycardia and heart blocks during romifidine sedation in the horse (1990)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 14 (1990), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: ά2 ; atropine ; heart block ; horse ; romifidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Romifidine (STH 2130-Cl or Sedivet) is an ά2-agonistic imino-imidazol sedative for intravenous use in horses recently developed by Boehringer Ingelheim, Vetmedica GmbH. An exploratory study was done in nine warm-blood horses, randomly divided into three groups, which received different dosages of romifidine (0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 mg/kg of body weight (BWT) intravenously (i.v.)) with at least one week's interval between tests. Romifidine induced a marked bradycardia accompanied by second degree atrioventricular (AV) block and some sinus blocks at all tested dosages. A placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.) given 5 min before and after romifidine did not affect the cardiac disturbances induced by romifidine. A low dose of atropine sulphate (0.005 mg/kg of BWT i.v.) given 5 min before romidifine counteracted the bradycardia and caused a normal to increased heart rhythm at all romifidine dosages. A higher dose of atropine sulphate (0.01 mg/kg of BWT i.v.) administered 5 min before sedation induced a tachycardia (average 70 beats/min) at all romifidine dosages and completely prevented the bradycardia and the heart blocks. The positive chronotrope effects of atropine sulphate were attenuated by increasing doses of romifidine. The effects of atropine sulphate (low or high doses) given 5 min after romifidine only appeared after 5 min. Both dosages counteracted the bradycardia and suppressed the heart blocks. No atropine-dependent side effects were observed in non-fasted horses. The degree of the romifidine induced sedation was not affected by the use of atropine sulphate given before or after romifidine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367061
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic changes during sedation in ponies (1990)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 14 (1990), S. 309-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: atropine ; detomidine ; haemodynamics ; horses ; phenothiazine ; sedation ; xylazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cardiovascular changes induced by several sedatives were investigated in five ponies with a subcutaneously transposed carotid artery by means of cardiac output determinations (thermodilution technique), systemic and pulmonary artery pressure measurements (direct intravascular method) and arterial blood analysis (blood gases and packed cell volume). The cardiovascular depression (decrease in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output) was long lasting (〉90 min) after administration of propionylpromazine (0.08 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.)) together with promethazine (0.08 mg/kg i.v.). The phenothiazine-induced sedation was not optimal. α2-Agonists (xylazine (0.60 mg/kg i.v.) and detomidine (20 μg/kg i.v.)) induced initial but transient cardiovascular effects with an increase in systemic blood pressure and a decrease in cardiac output for about 15 min. Second degree atrioventricular blocks and bradycardia were seen during this period. The cardiovascular depression was more pronounced during detomidine sedation. Atropine (0.01 mg/kg i.v.) induced a tachycardia with a decrease in stroke volume but did not alter the cardiac output or other cardiovascular parameters. It prevented the occurrence of the bradycardia and heart blocks normally induced by xylazine or detomidine. Atropine potentiated the initial hypertension induced by the α2-agonists sedatives (especially detomidine). The decrease in cardiac output induced by xylazine, and to a lesser extent by detomidine, was partially counteracted when atropine was given in advance. The atropine-xylazine combination seemed the best premedication protocol before general anaesthesia as it only resulted in minor and transient cardiovascular changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350713
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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