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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of European maize hybrids developed under conditions of low and high nitrogen input (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Maize varieties with improved nitrogen(N)-use efficiency under low soil N conditions can contribute to sustainable agriculture. Tests were carried to see whether selection of European elite lines at low and high N supply would result in hybrids with differential adaptation to these contrasting N conditions. The objective was to analyze whether genotypic differences in N uptake and N-utilization efficiency existed in this material and to what extent these factors contributed to adaptation to low N supply. Twenty-four hybrids developed at low N supply (L × L) were compared with 25 hybrids developed at high N supply (H × H). The N uptake was determined as total above-ground N in whole plants, and N-utilization efficiency as the ratio between grain yield and N uptake in yield trials at four locations and at three N levels each. Highly significant variations as a result of hybrids and hybrids × N-level interaction were observed for grain yield as well as for N uptake and N-utilization efficiency in both hybrid types. Average yields of the L × L hybrids were higher than those of the H × H hybrids by 11.5% at low N supply and 5.4% at medium N level. There was no significant yield difference between the two hybrid types at high N supply. The L × L hybrids showed significantly higher N uptake at the low (12%) and medium (6%) N levels than the H × H hybrids. In contrast, no differences in N-utilization efficiency were observed between the hybrid types. These results indicate that adaptation of hybrids from European elite breeding material to conditions with reduced nitrogen input was possible and was mainly the result of an increase in N-uptake efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00770.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rind puncture resistance in maize: inheritance and relationship with resistance to pink stem borer attack (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The main pest of maize in north-western Spain is the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, and stem lodging is one of the consequences of attack. Since rind puncture resistance is related to stem lodging resistance, the objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of rind puncture resistance and to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficients between rind puncture resistance and pink stem borer damage. Six generations from the crosses ‘CM109’בEP31’ and ‘CM109’בEP42’ and a 10-inbred line diallel were evaluated in Pontevedra, Spain, in 1995 and 1996. The inheritance of rind puncture resistance had two significant components, one additive and one dominant. Non-allelic and genotype × environment interactions were not significant. Improvement for internode rind puncture resistance to increase stem strength and stalk lodging resistance could have some positive influence on resistance to pink stem borer. However, its use as an estimator of pink stem borer resistance cannot be generalized and so must be restricted to programmes that involve materials exhibiting physical resistance to pink stem borer attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.716313.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative-genetic analysis of leaf-rust resistance in seedling and adult-plant stages of inbred lines and their testcrosses in winter rye (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Leaf rust is the most frequent leaf disease of winter rye in Germany. All widely grown population and hybrid varieties are susceptible. This study was undertaken to estimate quantitative-genetic parameters of leaf-rust resistance in self-fertile breeding materials with introgressed foreign leaf-rust resistances and to analyze the relative importance of seedling and adult-plant resistance. Forty-four inbred lines and their corresponding testcrosses with a highly susceptible tester line were grown in a field in four different environments (location-year combinations) with artificial inoculation. Plots were separated by a nonhost to promote autoinfections and minimize interplot interference. Leaf-rust severity was rated on three leaf insertions at three dates. The testcrosses showed a considerably higher disease severity than the lines. High correlations (r ≅ 0.9, P = 0.01) existed among the leaf insertions and the rating dates. Large genotypic variation for resistance was found in both the inbred and testcross populations. Genotype-environment interaction and error variances were of minor importance, thus high entry-mean heritabilities were achieved. A tight correlation between the inbreds and their corresponding testcrosses was found (r = 0.88, P = 0.01). Heterosis for resistance was significant (P = 0.05), but not very important. In a seedling test with 20—30 single-pustule isolates, 34 out of 44 inbreds reacted race-specifically. From the remaining inbred lines, three were medium and seven highly susceptible. In a further greenhouse test with 16 inbreds, seven were susceptible and five were resistant in both seedling and adult-plant stages. The remaining four lines had adult-plant resistance. In conclusion, race-specific leaf-rust resistance can be selected among inbred lines per se. Lines should also be tested in the adult-plant stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00765.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epistasis in Maize (Zea mays L.) III. Comparison of Single and Three-Way Crosses for Forage Traits (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 98 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The importance of epistasis for forage performance and quality traits was studied in early maturing European maize (Zea mays L.) breeding materials. Sixty-six three-way crosses (3W), 33 of the flint x (dent · dent) and 33 of the dem × (flint · flint) type, were compared with the mean of their respective non-parental single crosses (〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01799541:PBR185:PBR_185_mu1" location="equation/PBR_185_mu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉) using data obtained in six environments. For each of the 11 traits examined, at least 6 out of the 66 three-way crosses displayed significant (P 〈 0.05) epistatic deviations, calculated as 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01799541:PBR185:PBR_185_mu1" location="equation/PBR_185_mu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉– 3W. Averaged over crosses and environments, epistatic deviations were highly significant (P 〈 0,31] for 8 trails, but of minor importance except for grain yield. In general, the variance of epistatie deviations was appreciably smaller than the variance of genotype × environment interactions. Highly significant correlations occurred among epistatie deviations for silking date, dry matter content of ear, and dry matter yield of grain and stover. The reliability of predicting the performance of three-way crosses from 2W as opposed to assessing them directly was investigated as a function of the number of test environments. Disturbing e fleets of epistasis on prediction only became important under intense testing (〉 3 or 4 environments), With fewer test environments, both procedures were almost equivalent, due to a smaller influence of genotype × environment interaction on the 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:01799541:PBR185:PBR_185_mu1" location="equation/PBR_185_mu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉 values, Epistasis is concluded to be of minor importance with regard to the optimum type of hybrid for forage use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01115.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Near Infra-red Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Grain and Stover Quality Traits in Maize (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 97 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize {Zea mays L.) by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible organic matter according to the Tilley & Terry (IVDOM-T & T) and the gas production (IVDOM-Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F1 hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R2) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM-Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01297.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation of a selection strategy to accommodate genotype environment interactions in a wheat recurrent selection programme (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Multi-environment trials (METs) are used in plant breeding programmes to evaluate genotypes (lines/families) as a basis for selection on expected performance (yield and/or quality) in a target population of environments (TPE). When a large component of the genotype environment (G × E) interactions results from crossover interactions, samples of environments in METs that deviate from the TPE provide a suboptimal basis for selection of genotypes on performance expected in the TPE. To adjust for the negative effects of these deviations, a selection strategy that weights the data from the MET according to their expected frequency of occurrence in the TPE (i.e. a weighted selection strategy) was investigated. Computer simulation methodology was used to obtain preliminary information on the weighted selection strategy and compare it to the traditional unweighted selection strategy for a range of MET scenarios and G × E interaction models. The evaluation of the weighted selection strategy was conducted in context with the germplasm enhancement programme (GEP) of the Northern Wheat Improvement Programme in Australia. The results indicated that when the environments sampled in the MET matched those expected in the TPE, the unweighted and weighted selection strategies achieved a similar response to selection in the TPE. However, when the environments sampled in the MET did not match the expectations in the TPE and a large component of the G × E interactions resulted from crossover interactions, the weighted selection strategy achieved a greater response to selection in the TPE. The advantage of the weighted strategy increased as the amount of crossover G × E interaction increased or fewer environments were sampled in the METs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.118001017.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation and covariation for quantitative resistance to head blight (Fusarium culmorum) in two testcross series of S2 lines in winter rye (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The amount of genetic variation among inbred lines and testcrosses, and covariation between both genetic materials, are of crucial importance for selection efficiency in hybrid breeding. To estimate these quantitative genetic parameters for resistance of winter rye (Secale cereale) to head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum, 88 three-way cross hybrids, produced by crossing each of 44 S2 Carsten inbred lines with two unrelated Petkus single-cross testers, were evaluated along with the parental lines over 2 years. Resistance traits were head-blight rating and grain weight per spike relative to the non-inoculated control. Significant genotypic variation occurred among lines and in both testcross series. S2 lines displayed considerably more variation than testcross series. Genotype × environment interaction was more marked among the inbred lines, while estimates of heritability were similar for both genetic materials. Testcrosses showed heterosis for head-blight resistance. No relationship existed between S2 lines and the two testcross series for any resistance trait. This might be caused by an association between inbreeding and Fusarium-head-blight susceptibility and different inbreeding depression among the S2 population. The phenotypic correlations between the testcross series were moderate for both traits (r = 0.58, P 〈 0.01). In conclusion, Fusarium-head-blight resistance has to be selected at the respective heterozygosity levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00781.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Test Systems for Evaluating Quantitative Resistance Against Fusarium Foot Rot in Inbred Lines of Winter Rye (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The first results of three test systems for evaluating the susceptibility of rye inbred lines to foot rot caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum are presented. The test systems were specifically designed for greenhouse, foliar tent and field experiments. The inbred lines, some of which are being used in commercial hybrids, showed significant variation for resistance. Significant interactions occurred between genotypes and test systems, and within the test systems between genotypes and years or growth stages. A significant correlation existed between susceptibility in the greenhouse and in the field (r = 0.84, P = 0.05), when inoculation in the greenhouse took place at the jointing stage (EC 31). In earlier growth stages, however, this correlation was not significant. In both greenhouse and foliar tent experiments, susceptibility to F. culmorum and F. graminearum was strongly correlated (r = 0.71, 0.87, resp., P = 0.01). In the field, F. culmorum alone was used for artificial inoculation. Genotypic variance and repeatability in the field were highest after inoculation in spring with conidia suspensions. It is concluded that, in inbreeding generations with limited seed quantities, the greenhouse and the foliar-tent test systems offer good possibilities of indirectly improving foot-rot resistance in rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00131.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative-Genetic Basis of Sprouting Resistance in Rye (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The quantitative-genetic basis of sprouting resistance in winter rye (Secale cereale L.) was investigated in order to facilitate breeding for improved baking quality. Crosses within and between the Petkus and Carsten gene pools were tested along with the parental lines over two locations, two years, and two harvest dates. Heritabilities of approximately 0.6 were found for falling number (FN), a-amylase activity, dormancy, and amylograph curve characters. FN showed moderate heterosis that reached 35%. High genetic variation for FN was observed in most genetic materials, and error variances were generally small. Considerable genotype × year interactions occurred. Genotypes with high FN showed more instability for FN over environments. General combining ability was the main source of genetic variation for FN (80%) and was correlated with line per se performance in the Carsten gene pool (r = 0.66). FN showed moderate to strong correlations with slowness of development, but only loose ones or none with other agronomic traits. We conclude that improving sprouting resistance by selecting for FN should be highly effective and would not cause unfavourable side effects with regard to yielding performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00501.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of floral characteristics of barley in the semi-arid climate of north Syria (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Previous studies have revealed that, in areas affected by severe drought, yielding ability and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) could be improved by increasing the level of heterozygosity. One possible approach to increase the heterozygosity level is to improve the outcrossing rate. In view of that, the genetic variability and phenotypic correlation coefficients involving four floral traits related to outcrossing behaviour were investigated in 274 drought adapted barley lines from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA's) current breeding programme. A significant quantitative variation existed in anther length and width, stigma length, and anther extrusion, which indicate that selection for these traits may be effective. Anther extrusion showed weak but highly significant positive correlations with anther and stigma length. Somewhat higher positive correlations were found between anther and stigma length. The results indicate that selection for high anther extrusion and longer anthers and stigmata may increase outcrossing in cultivated barley and consequently improve yielding ability through enhanced heterozygosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00861.x
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