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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Odontoidfraktur ; Dens axis ; HWS-Schleudertrauma ; Diagnostik ; Chirurgisches Management ; Keywords Odontoid fracture ; Dens axis ; Whiplash injury ; Diagnosis ; Surgical management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fractures of the odontoid process represent about 10–20% of all diagnosed cervical spine fractures. Approximately 35% of these fractures are classified as Type II according to Anderson and D'Alonzo. They can be potentially unstable especially if combined with a dens displacement of over 6 mm. In severe cervical spine trauma, these fractures do not usually cause difficulties in diagnosis. However, in whiplash injuries, which are very common and only rarely associated with such fractures, the surgical management can be complicated if they are underestimated. These patients can present without significant neurological deficits or the situation can be complicated due to intoxication or additional trauma. Under these circumstances in particular, the diagnosis can be delayed or missed, if no strict protocols for diagnostic effort in all whiplash injuries are employed. A case of delayed diagnosis of an odontoid fracture in a neurological asymptomatic patient after whiplash injury is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Frakturen des Processus odontoideus stellen etwa 10–20% aller diagnostizierten Frakturen der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) dar. Ungefähr 35% dieser Frakturen können in den Grad 2 der Klassifikation nach Anderson und D'Alonzo eingestuft werden. Diese können potentiell instabil sein, insbesondere wenn sie mit einer Densverschiebung von über 6 mm auftreten. Nach schweren HWS-Verletzungen stellt die Diagnose dieser Fraktur in der Regel keine Schwierigkeit dar. Hingegen kann sie nach HWS-Schleudertrauma, welches eine hohe Inzidenz aufweist und nur selten mit einer Odontoidfraktur verbunden ist, leicht unterschätzt bzw. übersehen werden. Dies kann zu einer verzögerten Behandlung und zu daraus resultierenden Komplikationen führen. Die betroffenen Patienten können primär neurologisch asymptomisch sein und die Situation kann weiterhin durch Alkoholintoxikation oder zusätliches Trauma verschleiert werden. Insbesondere unter diesen genannten Umständen kann die Diagnose einer Odontoidfraktur leicht verzögert oder gar übersehen werden, wenn keine klaren Richtlinien für das Vorgehen nach HWS-Trauma vorliegen. Eine Kasuistik einer verzögerten Diagnose einer Odontoidfraktur in einem neurologisch asymptomatischen Patienten mit HWS-Schleudertrauma wird vorgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Renal transplantation ; Non-heartbeating donor ; Machine perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne restarted their non-heartbeating donor (NHBD) programme in September 1998 using machine perfusion, due to early poor results with conventional cold storage (45 % graft survival, phase II). Since then, 15 NHBD kidneys have been transplanted. The retrieval protocol consisted of in situ perfusion with a double balloon triple lumen cannula in Maastricht category II male donors age range 13–59 years. Mean primary warm ischaemic time was 24.8 min (range 10–44). All kidneys were machine perfused through a locally developed perfusion system. The viability was assessed by serial measurements of total GST (maximum acceptable limit of 200 units/l) and intrarenal vascular resistance (IRVR) was recorded. Fifteen of the 22 kidneys (68.62 %) were transplanted. Delayed graft function (DGF) was seen in ten recipients (66.6 %), two kidneys had immediate function (IF), one organ was exported, two recipients died of unrelated causes and a further seven kidneys were discarded (two had high tGST, two were infected and three had poor flow characteristics). In phase III, a success rate of 91.7 % was thus achieved, which was better than the phase II period (P = 0.027, Fisher 2-tail test). Machine perfusion has been successfully introduced in phase III to the Newcastle NHBD programme and facilitates viability assessment of NHBD kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words TGFβ ; Cyclosporin-A (CyA) ; tacrolimus (FK506) ; Chronic rejection ; Kidney transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic rejection is a major cause of graft dysfunction following kidney transplantation. This fibroproliferative disease may be promoted by overproduction of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Previous studies have suggested that cyclosporin-A (CyA) might increase production of this growth factor. The current study was designed to measure the expression of TGF-β in renal transplant biopsies from patients immunosuppressed with either CyA or tacrolimus. Paraffin-embedded renal biopsies were sectioned, dewaxed and incubated with primary antibody against active TGF-β 1 antibody. After washing, the sections were treated with secondary antibody conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). In each case the sections were assessed by semi-quantitative scanning laser confocal microscopy. Biopsies from patients receiving CyA expressed significantly more active TGF-β 1 than biopsies from patients receiving tacrolimus (P 〈 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test). The increased level of active TGF-β 1 expression in renal biopsies of patients receiving CyA may indicate a mechanism of chronic rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Cytomegalovirus infection ; Kidney transplantation ; Long-term outcome ; Organ allocation ; Single centre experience
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To analyse the contribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology to long-term graft survival in cadaveric kidney transplantation, 404 transplants from a single centre were divided into four subgroups with respect to the combination of donor and recipient CMV antibody status. Graft survival was estimated according to Kaplan-Meier for 1, 3, 5 and 7 years post-transplantation. The single-centre results confirm a negative impact of CMV-positive donor organs for initial graft survival in CMV-negative recipients within the first 3 years after transplantation. However, when 5- and 7-year long-term graft survival was studied, Donor +/Recipient − pairs showed a favourable long-term result, whilst D +/R − pairs had surprisingly a poorer outcome. Therefore, the concept of avoiding transplantation in the D +/R + CMV serology group should be ignored whereas attempts could be made to improve the poor long-term outcome of D +/R + pairs or to reduce its size by organ allocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 12 (1999), S. 158-158 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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