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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 83 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histamine-gated chloride channels, members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, are thought to be peculiar for arthropods. Their cognate ligand, histamine, is the transmitter of all arthropod photoreceptors and of thoracic mechanoreceptors. To identify putative histamine-gated chloride channel subunits we scanned the Drosophila genome for putative ligand-gated chloride channel subunits and found 12 candidate genes. We found four groups of transcripts based on their expression pattern. Only members of the last group show an expression pattern that is consistent with our knowledge about histamine-gated chloride channels in insects. In the brain these transcripts (Dm HA-Cl I and II) are exclusively present in interneurones postsynaptic to photoreceptors. Within the lamina (the first visual ganglion) only the L1–L3 neurones are labelled. The lack of non-photoreceptor dependent staining in the brain indicates that mechanosensory transmission differs between the head and the thorax/abdomen, and that the receptors responding to brain-intrinsic histaminergic cells use different signalling pathways. The putative histamine-gated chloride channels show the greatest homology mammalian glycine receptors. These ion-channels are the first specific molecular markers for postsynaptic cells in the insect visual system, thus representing ideal tools to study its physiology and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 225 (1970), S. 1263-1264 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A similar forward movement of the antennae can be seen in locusts during tethered flight in the air current from a wind tunnel. It is of interest whether this antennal movement is induced passively by aerodynamic forces or actively by the animal itself, and whether this movement is connected with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 25 (1979), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Locusta migratoria ; body weight ; flight balance ; flight speed ; lift ; postlarval development
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 25 (1979), S. 249-253 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Locusta migratoria ; flight balance ; postlarval development ; wing-stroke angle ; wing-stroke frequency ; wing-stroke plane angle
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 37 (1991), S. 551-562 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Antenna ; antennal muscles ; locust ; motoneurones
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 73 (1973), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Haschisch, Energiebildung ; Leistungsfähigkeit, nach Rauschmittelgenuß ; Fahrtüchtigkeit, Haschisch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Haschisch auf einzelne verkehrsrelevante Leistungskomponenten ergaben in verschiedenen psychophysischen Tests keine sichere zeitliche Verschlechterung der Leistungen unter Haschisch, jedoch eine Zunahme der Fehlerzahl. Auffallend ist die starke Abhängigkeit des Rauscherlebnisses und seiner Intensität von der inneren Einstimmung (set) und der Umgebung (setting). Es besteht unter Haschischeinfluß eine große willentliche Kompensationsfähigkeit der Probanden bei Leistungsanforderungen. Bei 13 erfahrenen Haschischkonsumenten wurden Atmung (Frequenz, Volumen, O2-Verbrauch) und Kreislauf (Puls, EKG, Blutdruck) unter Ruhebedingungen sowie unter Belastung (Spiroergometrie; 0,75 W/kg KG, 6 min) jeweils mit und ohne Haschisch gemessen. In Ruhe stieg der Puls unter Haschisch um durchschnittlich 14%, der Blutdruck blieb unverändert. Der O2-Verbrauch in Ruhe und unter Belastung war mit und ohne Haschisch gleich groß. Für die Entwicklung des Haschisch-Rauscherlebnisses schienen Veränderungen der Atmung durch die Droge wesentlich. Die Ruhe-Atemfrequenz stieg unter Haschisch um 20% bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme des Atemvolumens (ml/Atemzug) um 25%. Daraus resultiert bei gleichbleibendem Atemminutenvolumen eine Steigerung der Totraumventilation auf 121%. Das bedeutet eine CO2-Retention unter stärkerer Ausnutzung des alveolären Sauerstoffangebotes. Die Steuerbarkeit des Haschischrausches wäre durch die Beseitigung der respiratorischen Acidose durch willkürliche Hyperventilation zu erklären.
    Notes: Summary In different psychophysical tests on reactions related to traffic hashish did not cause a significant delay of the responses but an increase of errors. The experience of intoxication and its intensity strikingly depends on the internal agreement and the surroundings. The effects of hashish can voluntarily be compensated to a great extent when functional performances are demanded. In 13 hashish addicts factors of respiration and circulation were measured during rest and physical exercise without and after the administration of the drug. At rest the pulse rate increased by an average of 14%, whereas the blood pressure remained unchanged under the influence of hashish. Oxygen consumption during rest and physical exercise was not influenced by the drug. Changes of respiration under the influence of hashish seem to play a major role in the developing experience of intoxication. At rest the respiration rate rose by 20% accompanied by a 25% decrease of the respiratory volume under the influence of the drug. This results in an increase of the dead space ventilation to 121% when the respiratory minute volume remained unchanged. This will be followed by a retention of CO2 and an increased uptake of the alveolar oxygen. The regulation of the hashish intoxication could probably be explained by the correction of the respiratory acidosis under voluntary hyperventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 101-101 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frankfurt am Main : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Romanische Forschungen. 87:3 (1975) 570 
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frankfurt am Main : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Romanische Forschungen. 87:3 (1975) 572 
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