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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo optical coherence tomography imaging of human skin: norm and pathology (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Skin research and technology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: Since the majority of skin diseases are known to be accompanied by structural alterations, research efforts are focused on the development of various novel diagnostic techniques capable of providing in vivo information on the skin structure. An essential parameter here is spatial resolution. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting in vivo specific features of thin and thick skin. A particular focus is made on the identification of OCT patterns typical of certain pathological processes in skin, by performing parallel histological and tomographical studies.Methods: To obtain images of the skin, we used a compact fiber OCT system developed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A low coherence source (superluminescent diode) operated at a wavelength of 1280 nm; the output power was 0.5–2 mW. This power is low enough to conform to the ANSI safety standards for light exposure. The in-depth resolution limited by the spectral bandwidth (40–50 nm) of the probing light was ∼20 μm. The lateral resolution determined by the probe light focusing ranged from 15 to 30 μm. In this series of experiments the maximum depth of imaging did not extend beyond 1.5 mm. Obtaining images of skin regions 2–6 mm long took 2–4 s. OCT capabilities for imaging normal skin of different localization and some skin diseases were studied in 12 healthy volunteers and 24 patients.Results: OCT imaging of the skin can detect in vivo such general pathological reactions of the human body as active inflammation and necrosis. OCT is useful for in vivo diagnosis of some specific processes in the skin, including hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and formation of intradermal cavities. OCT imaging is noninvasive and therefore allows frequent multifocal examination of skin without any adverse effects. OCT can perform monitoring of disease progress and recovery in the course of therapy. Morphometric studies, measurements of the depth and extension of skin pathology within the human body can be easily performed by OCT.Conclusions: OCT allows imaging of subsurface soft tissues with the spatial resolution of 15–20 μm, a resolution one order of magnitude higher than that provided by other clinically available noninvasive diagnostic techniques. An imaging depth of up to 1.5–2 mm, given by current OCT technology, is sufficient to examine the skin. Real time OCT imaging can provide information not only on the structure, but also on some specific features in the functional state, of tissues. OCT imaging is a noninvasive technique, i.e., OCT does not cause trauma and has no side effects since it utilizes radiation in the near infrared wavelength range at a power as low as 1 mW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006001006.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and some properties of polyoxyhexakis (dimethylsilylene) and its copolymers with dimethylsiloxane (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 5 (1995), S. 7-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Polyoxyhexakis(dimethylsilylene) ; dimethylsiloxane ; copolymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis of polyoxyhexakis(dimethylsilylene).1. by the hydrolytic polycondensation of α,ω-dichlorohexakisdimethylsilylene,2. and by cationic ring-opening polymerization of dodecamethyloxahexasilacycloheptane.6Dj, initiated with a protic acid is reported. The possibility of synthesis of alternative copolymers composed of oxyhexakis(dimethylsilylene) units and dimethylsiloxane or oligodimethylsiloxane units were also explored. Polymers are characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01157520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of development of post-traumatic atrophy of the rat testis by injection of aspirin (1974)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 78 (1974), S. 1181-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: aspirin ; testicular atrophy ; blood-testicular barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The left testis was punctured with a needle (diameter 3 mm) in 42 sexually mature Wistar rats. The development of atrophy of the testis was observed 12 days after the operation in control animals receiving “empty” suppositories: the weight of the injured organ was greatly reduced, the seminiferous tubules of the whole testis were empty, their spermatogenic epithelium had undergone degeneration or destruction, the permeability of the blood-testicular barrier (BTB) for endogenous globulins was increased, and sharp changes were found in the ultrafine structure of the principle components of the barrier — the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules and the Sertoli cells. After injection of aspirin (0.5 g daily for 5 to 12 days) into the rats the development of post-traumatic atrophy of the testes was not observed. The aspirin had no effect on the character and intensity of pathological processes developing in the focus of injury, but it prevented the spread of destructive changes to the intact part of the testis and disturbance of the permeability of the BTB away from the region of injury. The effect of aspirin on the development of post-traumatic testicular atrophy is evidently connected with its inhibitory action on prostaglandin synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00804632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoimmune nature of the disturbance of spermatogenesis in rats with experimental varicocele (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 87 (1979), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: varicocele ; spermatogenesis ; autoimmune responses ; blood-testis barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Measured disturbance of the venous outflow from the left testis in rats causes the development of destructive changes in the spermatogenic epithelium both in the testis on the side of the operation and also in the contralateral organ. Disturbances of spermatogenesis in rat testes (foci of desquamation of spermatogenic epithelium, disorganization and degeneration of the sex cells, emptying of the seminiferous tubules) are similar to those in men with varicocele, so that the results of such experiments can be regarded as an experimental model of varicocele. In the experimental rats the permeability and fine structure of the blood-testis barrier were disturbed in both testes, the pattern of the morphological changes was similar with that observed during the development of autoimmune orchitis, and lymphocytes sensitized to spermatozoal antigens were found in the lymphoid organs. Taken as a whole, the results suggest involvement of immunologic mechanisms in the development of the pathological changes in the testes in varicocele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00802352
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chloramphenicol on antibody formation (1969)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 68 (1969), S. 1269-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787430
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclic nitro compounds. 25. 1-Hydroxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazoles and their derivatives (1980)
    Springer
    Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds 16 (1980), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8353
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 1-Hydroxymethyl derivatives of tetrazoles were obtained by the reaction of 1,2,4-triazole and 3-nitro-5-substituted triazoles with formaldehyde in water. The hydroxy groups were replaced by chlorine, and the hydroxymethyltriazoles were acetylated and tosylated. The chloro and tosyl groups are readily replaced by iodine by the action of potassium and ammonium iodide in acetone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401698
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclic nitro compounds. 25. 1-Hydroxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazoles and their derivatives (1980)
    Springer
    Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds 16 (1980), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8353
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 1-Hydroxymethyl derivatives of tetrazoles were obtained by the reaction of 1,2,4-triazole and 3-nitro-5-substituted triazoles with formaldehyde in water. The hydroxy groups were replaced by chlorine, and the hydroxymethyltriazoles were acetylated and tosylated. The chloro and tosyl groups are readily replaced by iodine by the action of potassium and ammonium iodide in acetone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554213
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifunctional carbochain organosilicon polymers. I. A new approach to the synthesis of high molecular weight cyclolinear polycarbosiloxane (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 5 (1995), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Multifunctional polymer ; cyclolinear polycarbosiloxane ; polyvinyldimethylphenylsilane ; polyvinyldimethylchlorosilane ; replacement ; hydrolytic condensation ; synthesis ; characterization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Controlled synthesis of high molecular weight cyclolinear polycarbosiloxanes (PCCS) is considered, using the following reactions sequence: (1) anionic polymerization of vinyldimethylphenylsilane, (2) replacement of the Ph group in polyvinyldimethylphenylsilane (M n=83.900,M w/M n=1.48) by a Cl group to prepare polyvinyldimethylchlorosilane (PVMCS), and (3) hydrolytic intramolecular condensation of PVMCS. The formation of carbochain polymer with predominantly six-membered carbosiloxane rings is demonstrated (M n=81.400,M w/M n=1.54).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058141
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous Ring-Opening Copolymerization of 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyl-1,2-Disilacyclobutane with Styrene (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 8 (1998), S. 89-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: 1,2-Bis(chlorodimethylsilyl(ethane ; 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-disilacyclobutane ; styrene ; alkali metal vapors dehalogenation ; ring-opening polymerization ; polysilahydrocarbons ; polycarbosilanes ; heterochain polysilanes ; polyethylenetetramethyldisilene ; copolymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract l,l,2,2-Tetramethyl-l,2-disilacyclobutane (TMDSCB), obtained by alkali metal vapor dehalogenation of l,2-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl(ethane, undergoes room-temperature spontaneous ring-opening Copolymerization with styrene (St) and results in a rubbery copolymer (M w = 1.6 × 105, M w/M n = 4.4). In contrast to a thermoplastic homopolymer of TMDSCB (m.p. 110°C) that is obtained by the same procedure in the absence of styrene, the copolymer exhibits two-phase behavior (Tg = − 37°C, m.p. 106°C), with the heat of melting being considerably lower in the case of the copolymer (cf. 49.0 and 4.8 J g−1). Spectral and analytical data are consistent with a copolymer structure, [(Me2SiCH2CH2SiMe2) k (CH2CHPh)l] n , where k = 3, l = 1 (36%), and k = 6, l = 2 (64%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022435822699
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in spermatogenic epithelium and chief components of blood — Testis barrier in sexually mature rats after repeated injection of estradiol dipropionate (1975)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 80 (1975), S. 843-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: blood-testis barrier ; estradiol dipropionate ; spermatogenic epithelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An electron-microscopic investigation was made of the testes of Wistar rats receiving repeated injections of 0.1% estradiol dipropionate solution in doses of 0.3 mg once a week for 10 weeks. Administration of the hormone led to an initial focal (after 2–4 weeks) and subsequent diffuse inhibition of spermatogenesis (after 6 weeks), accompanied by the development of destructive changes in the cells of the spermatogenic epithelium, which was reversible in character, so that spermatogenesis was restored 2 months later. The development of pathological changes in the spermatogenic epithelium was accompanied by disturbance of the ultrastructure of the chief components of the blood-testis barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00809909
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