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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebroside synthesis as a measure of the rate of remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination in brain (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied markers of myelin content and of the rate of myelination in brains of mice between 8 and 20 weeks of age. During the 12-week time-course, control animals showed slight increases in the content of oligodendroglial-specific cerebroside, as well as cholesterol (enriched in, but not specific to, myelin). In contrast, synthesis of these lipids, as assayed by in vivo incorporation of 3H2O, was substantial, indicating turnover of 0.4% and 0.7% of total brain cerebroside and cholesterol, respectively, each day. We also studied mice exposed to a diet containing 0.2% of the copper chelator, cuprizone. After 6 weeks 20%, and by 12 weeks, over 30% of brain cerebroside was gone. Demyelination was accompanied by down-regulation of mRNA expression for enzymes controlling myelin lipid synthesis (ceramide galactosyl transferase for cerebroside; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase for cholesterol), and for myelin basic protein. Synthesis of myelin lipids was also greatly depressed. The 20% cerebroside deficit consequent to 6 weeks of cuprizone exposure was restored 6 weeks after return to a control diet. During remyelination, expression of myelin-related mRNA species, as well as cerebroside and cholesterol synthesis were restored to normal. However, in contrast to the steady state metabolic turnover in the control situation, all the cerebroside and cholesterol made were accumulated. To the extent that accumulating cerebroside is targeted for eventual inclusion in myelin (discussed) the rate of its synthesis is proportional to remyelination. With our assay, in vivo rates of cerebroside synthesis can be determined for a time window of the order of hours. This offers greater temporal resolution and accuracy relative to classical methods assaying accumulation of myelin components at time intervals of several days. We propose this experimental design, and the reproducible cuprizone model, as appropriate for studies of how to promote remyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00310.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitors of V-Type ATPases, Bafilomycin A1 and Concanamycin A, Protect Against β-Amyloid-Mediated Effects on 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) Reduction (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The functional viability of cells can be evaluated using a number of different assay determinants. One common assay involves exposing cells to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is converted intracellularly to a colored formazan precipitate and often used to assess amyloid peptide-induced cytotoxic effects. The MTT assay was employed to evaluate the role of endosomal uptake and lysbsomal acidification in amyloid peptide-treated differentiated PC12 cell cultures using selective vacuolar-type (N-type) ATPase inhibitors. The macrolides bafilomycin A1 (BAF) and concanamycin A (CON) block lysosomal acidification through selective inhibition of the V-type ATPase. Treating nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells with nanomolar concentrations of BAF or CON provides complete protection against the effects of β-amyloid peptides Aβ(1-42), Aβ(1-40), and Aβ(25-35) and of amylin on MTT dye conversion. These macrolides do not inhibit peptide aggregation, act as antioxidants, or inhibit Aβ uptake by cells. Measurements of lysosomal acidification reveal that the concentrations of BAF and CON effective in reversing Aβ-mediated MTT dye conversion also reverse lysosomal pH. These results suggest that lysosomal acidification is necessary for Aβ effects on MTT dye conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721939.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical properties of tetra-n-alkylgermanes (C1-C6) (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 19 (1974), S. 4-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60060a029
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis and Polymorphism in Gastrostyla steinii (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 20 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Clonal cultures of the hypotrich protozoan, Gastrostyla steinii, were protargol stained and examined by light microscopy. Morphogenetic stages were noted, as well as variations in the number and distribution of the frontal-ventral-transverse cirri. These cirri, for the purpose of this study only, were delineated into special topographical groups—frontal, medial, and anal. Analyses were made to evaluate possible relationships as to the number of cirri between these groups and for the total number of cirri of the organisms, and, finally, to show likely relationships between morphogenetic events and patterns of cortical variation. An interesting “extra marginal row phenomenon” also was noted and shown to have variations of its own. Cirral polymorphism is presumed to be under genic control with the ultimate individual corticotype under the influence of an underlying gradient. A “stability profile” for the organism and for each cirral group was erected and discussed with emphasis on a gradient mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1973.tb03575.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells is mediated by MER (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Apoptosis is fundamental to the development and maintenance of animal tissues and the immune system. Rapid clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages is important to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune responses against intracellular antigens. Here we report a new function for Mer, a member of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 398 (1999), S. 723-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have generated and analysed null mutations in the mouse genes encoding three structurally related receptors with tyrosine kinase activity: Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer. Mice lacking any single receptor, or any combination of two receptors, are viable and fertile, but male animals that lack all three ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/19554
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumental insects (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 335-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Singing grasshoppers and crickets have inspired poets, and have even been adopted as caged pets in certain Asian and European countries. Now the calls of those insects found in western Europe can be identified using this nicely packaged acoustic field guide, which includes keys to species, colour ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/28540
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal lobe surface area measurements on MRI in normal and dyslexic readers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Neuropsychologia 31 (1993), S. 811-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0028-3932
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0028-3932(93)90130-R
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety Issues When Using a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Whitening Solution (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1708-8240
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The scientific literature is lacking on the occurrence of side effects and other safety issues when using carbamide peroxide whitening solutions of concentrations greater than 10%. This double-blind nightguard vital bleaching study compares safety issues when using 16% carbamide peroxide against a placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide (Nite White Classic by Discus Dental Inc.). Evaluated were changes in gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosal index, tooth vitality, and the patients' perceptions of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. Materials and Methods: Twenty female dental hygiene students participated in the study. Each participant wore a maxillary treatment tray for 1 week without any solution and then for 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 nights, filling each quadrant with placebo, 10% carbamide peroxide, or 16% carbamide peroxide, using a split tray design. Results: With respect to gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosa index, tooth vitality, and tooth sensitivity, there were no statistically significant differences between the 16% carbamide peroxide solution and the other two solutions (p 〉 .05). Quadrants receiving the 16% carbamide peroxide solution experienced more gingival irritation than quadrants receiving placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide solution (p 〉 .05). Conclusions: When evaluating the above-mentioned safety issues, except for gingival irritation, there were no statistically significant differences between a 16% carbamide peroxide solution and 10% carbamide peroxide solution or a placebo when used as described here.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAmong the 20 participants whose data were analyzed, it was found that a 16% carbamide peroxide whitening solution (Nite White Classic), when used as described in this study, can be effective in nightguard vital bleaching with no statistical differences in gingival index, plaque index, nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosa changes, tooth vitality, or tooth sensitivity, compared with a 10% whitening solution (Nite White Classic). More gingival irritation was experienced with 16% carbamide peroxide. Additionally, 20% of the participants in this study self-reported sensitivity when wearing their treatment tray without any solution, and 36% of the participants reported sensitivity to the placebo solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2002.tb00178.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENDOTHELIAL CELL AND PLATELET BINDING SITES FOR THROMBIN (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 370 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb29721.x
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