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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine D3 (Auto)receptors Inhibit Dopamine Release in the Frontal Cortex of Freely Moving Rats In Vivo (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In freely moving rats, the novel, selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor agonist PD 128,907 dose-dependently [effective dose (ED25) = 0.07 mg/kg, s.c.] reduced dialysate levels of DA in the frontal cortex, a structure innervated by the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This action of PD 128,907 (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) was abolished by a selective DA D3 receptor antagonist S 14297 (1.25 mg/kg, s.c.), which alone did not modify levels of DA. In contrast to S 14297, its inactive distomer, S 17777, did not modify the actions of PD 128,907. In addition, PD 128,907 dose-dependently and potently inhibited the firing rate of VTA-localized neurons in anesthetized rats (ED50 = 0.001 mg/kg, i.v.). S 14297, but not S 17777, completely reversed the actions of PD 128,907 (0.005 mg/kg, i.v.) with a 50% inhibitory dose of 0.03 mg/kg, i.v. and did not itself significantly modify the firing rate. In conclusion, these data provide the first direct evidence that DA D3 (auto)receptors modulate (inhibit) the release of DA in the frontal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66052209.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α2-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade Markedly Potentiates Duloxetine- and Fluoxetine-Induced Increases in Noradrenaline, Dopamine, and Serotonin Levels in the Frontal Cortex of Freely Moving Rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Evidence exists that a reinforcement in monoaminergic transmission in the frontal cortex (FCX) is associated with antidepressant (AD) properties. Herein, we examined whether blockade of α2-adrenergic receptors modified the influence of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on FCX levels of serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NAD), and dopamine (DA). The selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist S 18616 (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) suppressed extracellular levels of NAD, DA, and 5-HT (by 100, 51, and 63%, respectively) in single dialysates of FCX of freely moving rats. In contrast, the selective α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists atipamezole (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) and 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine (1-PP; 2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) increased levels of NAD (by 180 and 185%, respectively) and DA (by 130 and 90%, respectively), without affecting 5-HT levels. Duloxetine (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.), a mixed inhibitor of 5-HT and NAD reuptake, and fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, both increased levels of 5-HT (by 150 and 120%, respectively), NAD (by 400 and 100%, respectively), and DA (by 115 and 55%, respectively). Atipamezole (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly potentiated the influence of duloxetine and fluoxetine on levels of 5-HT (by 250 and 330%, respectively), NAD (by 1,030 and 215%, respectively), and DA (by 370 and 170%, respectively). 1-PP similarly potentiated the influence of duloxetine on 5-HT, NAD, and DA levels (by 290, 1,320, and 600%, respectively). These data demonstrate that α2-adrenergic receptors tonically inhibit NAD and DA and phasically inhibit 5-HT release in the FCX and that blockade of α2-adrenergic receptors strikingly potentiates the increase in FCX levels of 5-HT, NAD, and DA elicited by reuptake inhibitors. Concomitant α2-adrenergic receptor antagonism and inhibition of monoamine uptake may thus provide a mechanism allowing for a marked increase in the efficacy of AD agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062616.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiation of the Fluoxetine-Induced Increase in Dialysate Levels of Serotonin (5-HT) in the Frontal Cortex of Freely Moving Rats by Combined Blockade of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B Receptors with WAY 100,635 and GR 127,935 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In this study, we examined the influence of blockade of serotonin (5-HT)1A and/or 5-HT1B autoreceptors on the fluoxetine-induced increase in dialysate levels of 5-HT as compared with dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NAD) in single samples of the frontal cortex (FCx) of freely moving rats. Fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, s.c.) elicited a twofold increase in dialysate levels of 5-HT relative to baseline values. The selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100,635 (0.16 mg/kg, s.c.) did not influence 5-HT release alone but doubled the influence of fluoxetine on basal levels. Similarly, the selective 5-HT1B/1D antagonist GR 127,935 (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) did not alter basal 5-HT levels alone and doubled the fluoxetine-induced increase in 5-HT levels. Combined administration of WAY 100,635 and GR 127,935 elicited an (at least) additive rise in the fluoxetine-induced increase in 5-HT levels to eightfold basal values, without modifying resting 5-HT levels. These changes were selective for 5-HT inasmuch as the parallel (twofold) increase in DA and NAD levels provoked by fluoxetine was not potentiated. The present data demonstrate that combined blockade of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptors markedly and selectively potentiates the fluoxetine-induced increase in dialysate levels of 5-HT versus DA and NAD in the FCx of freely moving rats. These observations suggest that 5-HT1A/1B antagonism may represent a novel strategy for the improvement in the therapeutic profile of 5-HT reuptake inhibitor antidepressant agents and that 5-HT may be primarily involved in such interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031159.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buspirone Enhances Duloxetine- and Fluoxetine-Induced Increases in Dialysate Levels of Dopamine and Noradrenaline, but Not Serotonin, in the Frontal Cortex of Freely Moving Rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor partial agonist, buspirone, potentiates the clinical antidepressant properties of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Herein, we examined the interaction of buspirone with two SSRIs, duloxetine and fluoxetine, on extra-cellular levels of 5-HT, dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NAD) in single dialysate samples of freely moving rats. Duloxetine (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and fluoxetine (10.0 mg/kg, s.c.) increased dialysate levels of DA (65 and 60% vs. basal values, respectively), NAD (400 and 90%, respectively), and 5-HT (130 and 110%, respectively) in the frontal cortex (FCX). Buspirone (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) similarly elevated levels of DA (100%) and NAD (160%) but reduced those of 5-HT (−50%). Administered with buspirone, the ability of duloxetine and fluoxetine to increase 5-HT levels was transiently inhibited (over 60 min), although by the end of sampling (180 min) their actions were fully expressed. In contrast, buspirone markedly and synergistically facilitated the elevation in DA levels elicited by duloxetine (550%) and fluoxetine (240%). Furthermore, buspirone potentiated the induction of NAD levels by duloxetine (750%) and fluoxetine (350%). These data suggest that a reinforcement in the influence of SSRIs on DA and, possibly, NAD but not 5-HT release in FCX may contribute to their increased antidepressant activity in the presence of buspirone. More generally, they support the hypothesis that a reinforcement in dopaminergic transmission in the FCX contributes to the actions of SSRIs and other antidepressant drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031326.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of α2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mirtazapine displayed marked affinity for cloned, human α2A-adrenergic (AR) receptors at which it blocked noradrenaline (NA)-induced stimulation of guanosine-5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate ([35S]-GTPγS) binding. Similarly, mirtazapine showed high affinity for cloned, human serotonin (5-HT)2C receptors at which it abolished 5-HT-induced phosphoinositide generation. Alpha2-AR antagonist properties were revealed in vivo by blockade of UK-14,304-induced antinociception, while antagonist actions at 5-HT2C receptors were demonstrated by blockade of Ro 60 0175-induced penile erections and discriminative stimulus properties. Mirtazapine showed negligible affinity for 5-HT reuptake sites, in contrast to the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. In freely moving rats, in the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex (FCX), nucleus accumbens and striatum, citalopram increased dialysate levels of 5-HT, but not dopamine (DA) and NA. On the contrary, mirtazapine markedly elevated dialysate levels of NA and, in FCX, DA, whereas 5-HT was not affected. Citalopram inhibited the firing rate of serotonergic neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus, but not of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area, nor adrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Mirtazapine, in contrast, enhanced the firing rate of dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, neurons. Following 2 weeks administration, the facilitatory influence of mirtazapine upon dialysate levels of DA and NA versus 5-HT in FCX was maintained, and the influence of citalopram upon FCX levels of 5-HT versus DA and NA was also unchanged. Moreover, citalopram still inhibited, and mirtazapine still failed to influence, dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons. In conclusion, in contrast to citalopram, mirtazapine reinforces frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission. These actions reflect antagonist properties at α2A-AR and 5-HT2C receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00982.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting mechanisms of action and sensitivity to antipsychotics of phencyclidine versus amphetamine: importance of nucleus accumbens 5-HT2A sites for PCP-induced locomotion in the rat (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study, the comparative mechanisms of action of phencyclidine (PCP) and amphetamine were addressed employing the parameter of locomotion in rats. PCP-induced locomotion (PLOC) was potently blocked by the selective serotonin (5-HT)2A vs. D2 antagonists, SR46349, MDL100,907, ritanserin and fananserin, which barely affected amphetamine-induced locomotion (ALOC). In contrast, the selective D2 vs. 5-HT2A antagonists, eticlopride, raclopride and amisulpride, preferentially inhibited ALOC vs. PLOC. The potency of these drugs and 12 multireceptorial antipsychotics in inhibiting PLOC vs. ALOC correlated significantly with affinities at 5-HT2A vs. D2 receptors, respectively. Amphetamine and PCP both dose dependently increased dialysate levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens, striatum and frontal cortex (FCX) of freely moving rats, but PCP was proportionally more effective than amphetamine in elevating levels of 5-HT vs. DA in the accumbens. Further, whereas microinjection of PCP into the accumbens elicited locomotion, its introduction into the striatum or FCX was ineffective. The action of intra-accumbens PCP, but not intra-accumbens amphetamine, was abolished by SR46349 and clozapine. Parachloroamphetamine, which depleted accumbens pools of 5-HT but not DA, likewise abolished PLOC without affecting ALOC. In contrast, intra-accumbens 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which depleted DA but not 5-HT, abolished ALOC but only partially attenuated PLOC. In conclusion, PLOC involves (indirect) activation of accumbens-localized 5-HT2A receptors by 5-HT. PLOC is, correspondingly, more potently blocked than ALOC by antipsychotics displaying marked affinity at 5-HT2A receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00858.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the axisymmetric interaction of a rigid disc with a semi-infinite solid (1990)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 41 (1990), S. 684-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une solution analytique est présentée pour déterminer la réponse d'un disque rigide horizontal chargé verticalement et enfoui dans un milieu semi infini élastique. En utilisant la méthode des potentiels de Love et en imposant un ensemble de conditions aux frontières de type mixte, le problème est formulé à l'aide d'une paire d'équations intégrales au moyen de la transformée d'Hankel. On réduit la paire d'équations intégrales à une simple équation intégrale de type Fredholm pour laquelle on obtient une expression analytique du kernel. En plus d'inclure les solutions classiques d'un disque enfoui à une profondeur nulle ou infinie, le présent travail révèle certains aspects de ce problème général d'interaction, aspects qui n'apparaissent pas nécessairement dans les études précédentes. Une méthode est exposée pour le traitement numérique des différentes intégrales rencontrées. Sont inclus, à titre d'exemples, la distribution de la contrainte verticale de contact, le ratio force-déplacement, et quelques caractéristiques concernant la réponse du milieu.
    Notes: Abstract An analytical treatment is presented for the determination of the response of a vertically-loaded disc embedded in a semi-infinite elastic medium. By means of Love's method of potential and a set of relaxed boundary conditions, the mixed boundary value problem is formulated as dual integral equations with the aid of Hankel transforms. On the reduction of the dual integral equations to a Fredholm integral equation which features a closed-form kernel, solutions to the inclusion problem are computed. In addition to including existing solutions for zero and infinite embedment as degenerate cases, the present analysis reveals a severe boundary-layer phenomenon which is apt to be of significance to this class of problems in general. As illustrations, numerical results on the load-displacement relation, the response of the embedding medium, as well as the contact load distribution are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00946101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Cryer's problem with large displacements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 13 (1989), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The consolidation of a porous saturated sphere under an isotropic pressure, and free to drain on its surface, is examined. It is shown that a Mandel - Cryer effect develops irrespective of the magnitude of the strains which occur. Surprisingly, the effect is found to be virtually independent of strain. However, the progress of consolidation is substantially faster in the presence of large strains.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610130303
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