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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of melatonin on fuel utilization in exercised rats: role of nitric oxide and growth hormone (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported that melatonin modifies carbohydrate and lipid utilization in exercised rats, maintaining glycemia and reducing plasma and liver lactate and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. This study was undertaken to determine whether effects on fuel metabolism were related to changes in nitric oxide (NO) production or growth hormone (GH) secretion. Male Wistar rats received melatonin i.p. at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight 30 min before being exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill at a speed of 24 m/min and a 12% slope. Melatonin ameliorated the decrease in plasma glucose and the increase in plasma urea, free fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, and nitrite induced by exercise. Melatonin-treated exercised rats had significantly elevated liver glycogen content and hepatic tissue showed a lowered expression of both inducible and constitutive NO synthase (iNOS and cNOS). Administration of the NO inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NAME) to exercised rats caused a significant reduction in plasma nitrite, but liver glycogen and biochemical parameters in blood did not significantly differ from untreated exercised animals, indicating the absence of a direct association between melatonin effects on fuel metabolism and NO levels. Although results of treatment with pyridostigmine, a cholinergic agonist drug that stimulates GH release, partially differed from that of melatonin, modulation of GH secretion could play a role in the metabolic actions of the hormone because effects of melatonin on exercised rats were almost completely blocked by simultaneous administration of l-NAME.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310210.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF DIABETES ON DISPOSITION AND HEPATIC HANDLING OF CEFMETAZOLE IN RATS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on disposition and hepatic handling of cefmetazole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, were investigated in rats.2. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce uncontrolled diabetes. Fourteen days later bile flow was significantly reduced (12%) and bile acid secretion was significantly enhanced (87%) when compared with control animals.3. Following intravenous injection of cefmetazole at a dose of 200 μmol/kg, maximal and cumulative biliary excretion of the antibiotic were significantly impaired in streptozotocin-treated animals (27 and 22%, respectively).4. Cefmetazole excretion into bile was accompanied by marked choleresis. The magnitude of bile flow increase was larger in control animals.5. Total systemic clearance of the antibiotic was reduced (36%) and mean half-life for the fast and slow phases of disposition increased (136 and 48%, respectively) in diabetic rats.6. These changes were probably due to the diabetic condition of the animals because insulin treatment resulted in almost complete cofrection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01716.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appetite depression in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica L.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Veterinary Parasitology 55 (1994), S. 71-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4017
    Keywords: Fasciola hepatica ; Feeding and nutrition ; Pathology-Trematoda ; Sheep
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)90056-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liver blood flow changes during laparoscopic surgery in pigs (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 668-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Hepatic blood flow — ICG clearance — CO2 pneumoperitoneum — Laparoscopic oophorectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Physiological effects caused by abdominal insufflation in the course of laparoscopic surgery are partially unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine if indocyanine green (ICG) pharmacokinetic parameters, as an index of hepatic blood flow, change during laparoscopic surgery in the presence of a CO2 pneumoperitoneum. This effect could cause important alterations in the kinetics of anesthetic drugs. Methods: Eighteen female pigs were anaesthetized under constant ventilation and randomly assigned to three groups undergoing insufflation with CO2 (I), laparoscopic oophorectomy with CO2 pneumoperitoneum (LS), or oophorectomy by open surgery (OS). CO2 pneumoperitoneum was performed at 14 mmHg. ICG (1 mg/kg) was injected into a marginal vein on two separate occasions: 30 min before and 30 min after the start of insufflation or surgery. Blood was sampled from the carotid artery at time intervals after the injection of ICG and after pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by a computer program. Results: The area under the curve (AUC0–∞) indicated important disfunctions in ICG availability in all three groups of animals, with significant increases of 104%, 82%, and 48% for groups I, LS, and OS, respectively. The ICG apparent half-life did not significantly change in group OS, but it rose in groups I (+17%) and LS (+28%). ICG clearance was significantly reduced by 32% in group OS and to a larger extent in groups I and LS (−45% and −46%, respectively). Conclusion: These findings confirm the contribution of CO2 pneumoperitoneum to decreased liver blood flow during laparoscopic surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649901070
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the fibrinolytic system associated with physical conditioning (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 388-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aerobic conditioning ; Fibrinolytic activity ; Tissue plasminogen activator ; Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of physical conditioning on plasma fibrinolytic activity were studied in two groups of subjects. Volunteers not engaged in any sport were compared with individuals having been subjected to aerobic conditioning (middle-distance runners, defined as men running more than 80 km per week). Plasma concentrations of the different components of the fibrinolytic system were evaluated before and immediately after a maximal effort treadmill protocol. Comparison of the resting parameters revealed that under basal conditions for plasma concentrations of plasminogen, fibrinogen, α2-antiplasmin, protein C and protein S there were no differences between the two groups. Concentrations of the fibrin degradation products (FbDP) and fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) were significantly higher in the runners than in the control group, indicating an increased fibrinolytic potential that seemed to be a consequence of the reduced formation of tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor (t-PA-PAI) complexes. Acute maximal exercise resulted in pronounced fibrinolysis, evidenced by the elevation of FbDP and FgDP concentrations, in both groups of subjects. The acceleration of the fibrinolytic activity was larger in conditioned individuals, which could be accounted for by a higher t-PA release and reduced formation of t-PA-PAI complexes when compared to the untrained subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical exercise and improvement of liver oxidative metabolism in the elderly (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 81 (2000), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Antipyrine clearance ; Elderly ; Physical conditioning ; Oxidative metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drug metabolizing capacity is generally reduced in the elderly, and physical exercise has been reported to increase drug oxidative metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of engagement in a program of regular physical exercise on the clearance and metabolite excretion of antipyrine, a marker of oxidative metabolism, in elderly subjects. The saliva clearance of antipyrine and the production clearances of antipyrine metabolites were studied in 37 elderly women (mean age 66 years). Subjects attended 60-min sessions three times a week for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of both aerobic (training of cardiorespiratory capacity) and nonaerobic (training of muscular strength/endurance and flexibility/coordination) exercises performed at 50–75% of maximum oxygen uptake. Antipyrine was administered orally and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from saliva and urine samples. After 3 months of participation in the exercise program, salivary antipyrine clearance was significantly increased by 17% mean (SEM) 0.42 (0.02) vs 0.36 (0.02) ml/min/kg; P 〈 0.05) and the half-life of antipyrine was significantly reduced by 18% (17.9 (1.1) vs 22.3 (1.3) h; P 〈 0.05). No significant change with exercise was observed in the renal clearance of antipyrine or in the norantipyrine formation clearance, but significant increases were found for hydroxymethylantipyrine [42 (5) vs 32 (4) μl/kg/min; P 〈 0.05; +31%] and 4-hydroxyantipyrine [243 (18) vs 194 (17) μl/kg/min; P 〈 0.05; +25%] formation clearances. These findings indicate that regular exercise leads to increased disposition of antipyrine in the elderly and that the main metabolic pathways of the compound are changed differentially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013798
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physical conditioning on antipyrine clearance (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 77 (1997), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Antipyrine clearance ; Physical condition ing ; Ventilatory threshold ; Lactate threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of physical conditioning on antipyrine clearance were studied in two groups of subjects. Healthy men not engaged in the systematic practice of any sport were compared with endurance runners (defined as men running 〉80 km/week). Studies were carried out at three different periods of the annual plan training at 4-month intervals. Antipyrine was administered orally and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from saliva samples by the multiple-sample method. Endurance performance, expressed in terms of the maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2 max), the ventilatory threshold and the 4-mM · l−1 lactate threshold (OBLA), was higher in trained than in control subjects at each of the three periods. Antipyrine clearance was also significantly elevated and antipyrine half-life reduced in runners during all periods. No significant difference in V˙O2 max or antipyrine clearance was found between the various periods in either trained or control subjects. Both ventilatory threshold and OBLA increased significantly along the training period in conditioned subjects. Significant correlations were found between antipyrine clearance and V˙O2 max, ventilatory threshold and OBLA. In summary, these results indicate an association between aerobic conditioning and increased hepatic oxidative metabolism of low-clearance drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of subclinical fasciolosis on hepatic secretory function in sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of subclinical fasciolosis at various stages of its development on bile flow and bile acid secretion and on the hepatobiliary transport of bilirubin were investigated in experimentally infected sheep. Bile flow was significantly reduced by weeks 6–14 postinfection. This was accompanied by a decrease in bile acid secretion by weeks 6–8. Serum AST and GLDH activities and serum bile acid concentration were significantly elevated from weeks 6 to 14. Total serum bilirubin was maximally increased at 6 weeks postinfection and remained elevated at weeks 8 and 14. Increases corresponded to both unconjugated and conjugated fractions, although the conjugated/total bilirubin ratio was enhanced in all infected animals. Biliary bilirubin secretion declined from weeks 6 to 14. No alteration was detected in either uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase activity, cytochrome P-450 concentration, or hematological markers of hemolysis. This study shows that the migration of immature flukes in the course of ovine fasciolosis causes a cholestatic phenomenon responsible for changes in serum and biliary bilirubin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative stress and changes in liver antioxidant enzymes induced by experimental dicroceliosis in hamsters (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of our study was to assess the effects of experimental dicroceliosis on the antioxidant defense capability of the liver in hamsters. Studies were carried out at 80 and 120 days after infection with an oral dose of 40 metacercariae of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The parasitic pathology was ascertained by the presence of fluke eggs in feces, increased serum ALT and AST activities, and histological findings. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH), measured as markers of oxidative stress, were significantly increased [TBARS: +40% and +84% at 80 and 120 days postinfection (p.i.), respectively; GSSG/GSH: +200% and +117%]. Dicroceliosis increased Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in both cytosol (+24% and +46%) and mitochondria (+73% and +41%). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly reduced in cytosol (−19% and −38%) and mitochondria (−20% and −39%). No significant change was found in the activity of Se-independent GPx or catalase. The ratio of glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase at 80 and 120 days p.i. was increased by 25% and 63%, respectively. Gamma-glutamyl cysteinyl synthetase activity was increased by 27% and 20%, respectively. Our data indicate that although dicroceliosis courses with activation of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione synthesis, inefficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species takes place, resulting in oxidative liver damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050579
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