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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Our objective was to describe the characteristics of subareolar breast abscesses and to analyze the results of surgical treatment in relation to the prevention of recurrences. Almost 70% of patients smoked more than 10 cigarettes a day. The recurrence rate after excision of the lactiferous ducts was 28% and after management without excision of the lactiferous ducts was 79% (p 〈 0.001). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated more frequently in primary subareolar breast abscesses (not significant). Anaerobic microorganisms were more frequently cultured in recurring subareolar breast abscesses (p = 0.02). Definitive treatment of subareolar breast abscesses should consist of excision of the affected lactiferous ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A major problem in the intensive care unit nowadays is the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a cumulative sequence of progressive deterioration of organ functions. While the pathogenic pathways of MODS remain to be elucidated, it is assumed that cells of the host defence system, especially the macrophages, are altered in their function. During the development of MODS it is assumed that macrophages are overactivated and that an exaggerated inflammatory response may contribute to its pathogenesis. In order to gain insight into the alterations of the functional status of the macrophage during the development of MODS, a series of macrophage functions was measured in the subsequent phases of zymosan induced generalized inflammation in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice received a single dose of zymosan intraperitoneally and groups of animals were killed after 2, 5, 8, and 12 days. Peritoneal macrophages were collected for in vitro assessment of the ADCC, the production of superoxide (O−2) and nitric oxide (NO), and complement mediated phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus. A single intraperitoneal injection with zymosan resulted in a three-phase illness. During the third phase the animals developed MODS-like symptoms. Peritoneal cells from control animals produced very low to non-detectable amounts of O−2 and NO, and the cytotoxic activity was also low. During the development of MODS, from day 7 onwards, the ability to produce O−2 and NO-2 became strongly elevated, as did the cytotoxic activity. These findings are in parallel with the development of MODS whereas the phagocytic and killing capacity remained essentially unaltered. The changes found could be detrimental for the organism, thus possibly contributing to the onset and development of MODS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 90-99 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Sudeck-Syndrom ; Complicated Regional Pain Syndrome (Kompliziertes Regionales Schmerzsyndrom) ; Sudeck ; Entzündung ; Freie Radikale ; Key words Reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; Complex regional pain syndrome ; Sudeck ; Inflammation ; Free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a syndrome affecting an extremity after a minor trauma or operation. At the moment there is no consensus about the pathogenesis of RSD. In 1942 Paul Sudeck suggested that the signs and symptoms of RSD may be provoked by an exaggerated inflammatory response to injury or operation of an extremity. His theory found no disciples, as most physicians believe that RSD is initiated by an hyperactive sympathetic system. We performed various clinical and experimental investigations, including the effects of antiinflammatory treatment. The results of these studies support the theory of Paul Sudeck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1993), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-three elderly patients with an intracapsular hip fracture were selected for a prospective randomised trial comparing osteosynthesis (DHS) versus primary hemiarthroplasty (HA) with a 3-year follow-up. The duration of the operation and the perioperative blood loss were significantly shorter in DHS, but inadequate reduction and/or fixation led to serious problems in this group. Clinical morbidity was lower after DHS. No difference could be demonstrated in the mortality rates, fracture- or operation-related complications or the need for secondary intervention. Reintervention could be carried out without additional risk in both groups and did not lead to poor end results. Comparable results were obtained with both methods up to 24 months. At the 36-month follow-up, a significantly worse outcome could be demonstrated in the HA group. We conclude that osteosynthesis is justified as the primary treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures in elderly patients. Endoprosthetic replacement can be safely used in cases where osteosynthesis has failed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1993), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 84 patients with an intracapsular hip fracture, early technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scintimetry could be carried out preoperatively of in the case of conservative treatments within 72 h after injury. Fifty-four patients were available for a 3-year follow-up. The corrected uptake ratio showed a very high accuracy in predicting secondary dislocation, non-union (NU), delayed union (DU) or femoral head necrosis (FHN) and was far more reliable than the uncorrected uptake ratio. The predictive value of scintimetric follow-up at a 2- or 12-week interval could not reach the same accuracy of early scintimetry in predicting poor outcome. A comparison of follow-up scintimetry after conservative treatment and osteosynthesis showed that the major vascular injury to the femoral head is caused at the moment of the initial trauma and that no additional damage occurs perioperatively with closed reduction and fixation with a Dynamic Hip Screw device. Scintimetry is a usefol tool in predicting poor outcome due to FHN and/or NU in the treatment of intracapsular hip fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. S192 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Multiple organ failure ; ARDS ; Sepsis ; Complement ; Elastase ; Neopterin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) has largely been attributed to bacterial sepsis, though conclusive evidence of an essential role for bacteria and/or their endotoxins is still lacking. On the other hand, MOF and the clinical syndrome of sepsis may be aseptically induced in germfree animals. This paper reviews the evidence that excessive activation of endogenous humoral mediators and inflammatory cells may cause this highly lethal syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 7 (1983), S. 12-18 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux groupes de blessés présentant des contusions multiples ont été étudiés par l'auteur. Les cas de traumatismes cranio-cérébraux sévères ont été exclus de cette étude. Le groupe I était composé de 80 blessés qui présentaient 117 fractures et 163 blessures majeures associés; le groupe II était constitué de 68 blessés dont le test de gravité de la blessure était supérieur au chiffre 20 (2 blessures majeures ou une blessure majeure et une blessure moyenne). Ces deux groupes principaux ont été divisés en trois sous-groupes. Deux de ces sous-groupes (A et B) répondaient a des fractures traitées précocement, le traitement de la fracture s'accompagnant dans le premier cas d'une ventilation prophylactique (A) et dans le second cas de l'absence de cette assistance (B). Le troisième sous-groupe était composé de cas de fractures traitées avec retard, ce traitement s'accompagnant d'une assistance ventilatoire prophylactique (C). Les sous-groupes A et C groupaient les blessés dont le test de gravité de la blessure était supérieur à 50 (moyenne, 57 et 58,7) soit respectivement 19 et 11 blessés. Le groupe A comprenait 58 lésions majeures s'ajoutant aux fractures, cependant que le groupe C en comprenant 29. Le taux de mortalité s'est élevé à 10% dans le groupe A, 6% étant dû a une infection tardive, la durée moyenne de la ventilation étant de 6 jours, cependant que la mortalité due à l'infection tardive s'élevait à 55% dans le groupe C, la durée majeure de la ventilation ayant été de 26 jours. Cette étude permet de conclure que le traitement précoce de la fracture est la meilleure méthode thérapeutique car elle va de pair avec la réduction du taux de mortalité par infection et de la durée de l'assistance ventilatoire. Au contraire le traitement conservateur de la fracture entraîne l'augmentation de la durée de la ventilation et celle du taux de mortalité par infection. L'assistance ventilatoire prophylactique prolongée après l'intervention chirurgicale est un facteur considérable d'amélioration du pronostic.
    Notes: Abstract The assets and drawbacks of ISS are documented, utilising 2 groups of patients with blunt multiple trauma. Group I consisted of 80 patients with 417 fractures and 163 major associated injuries. Group A had early fracture stabilization and prophylactic ventilation, Group B had early fracture stabilization without prophylactic ventilation, Group C had delayed fracture stabilization and prophylactic ventilatory support. Utilising the ISS, subgroups of A and C were constructed that had injury severity scores ≥ 50 (means 57 and 58.7) containing 19 and 11 patients. Group A had a 10% mortality rate, a late sepsis mortality rate of 6%, and ARDS incidence of 26%, and a mean duration of ventilation of 6 days, while group C had a late sepsis mortality rate of 55%, and ARDS incidence of 82%, and a mean duration of ventilation of 26 days. It is concluded, that early operative stabilization of fractures is safe, and in significant part is associated with a reduced number of late sepsis deaths while reducing the duration of ventilator support required, and that prophylactic ventilator support (i.e., continued support after surgery significantly reduces the incidence of ARDS). Group II consisted of all blunt trauma patients with an ISS greater than 20, admitted during 1981. Sixty-eight patients were admitted and the correlation was sought between ISS and mortality. It was concluded, that death exclusively from central nervous system injury should be analyzed separately from death from other causes in multiply injured patients. Reference is made to other applications of ISS than the documentation of mortality and suggestions are made for improving ISS by including the Glasgow-coma scale and including patients related risk data. A plea is made to devise a standard method for ISS calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 11 (1989), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Cataract ; Free radicals ; Multiple organ failure ; Oxygen ; Reflex sympathetic dystrophy ; Respiratory distress syndrome, adult ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The early involvement of free radicals in the evolution of life may explain their ubiquitous presence and vital physiological role. Imbalance between protection against free radicals and their generation, explains the likely association of various diseases with toxic oxygen species. An elaborate defence system against oxygen-free radicals exists. The effects of oxidative stress are manifold. Direct demonstration of oxygen radicals in intact biological systems is difficult. Frequently, effect-related measurements are used in this respect. The clinical conditions adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and sugar cataract are discussed and the role of oxygen radicals in the aetiology of these diseases are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Clinical use ; Intensive care ; Prognosis ; Prediction ; Scoring systems ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this article sepsis scoring systems commonly used are presented as regards their results and shortcomings. Furthermore, in a more general context, the direct and indirect effect on the individual patients is discussed and recommendations are given on how to use scoring systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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