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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid dissipation of atrazine in soils taken from various maize fields (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A laboratory study was carried out in order to measure the degradation rate of atrazine in 36 different soils taken from maize (Zea mays L.) fields in Belgium. These soils differed in their alrazme treatment histories. pH. organic matter content and type of organic and mineral fertili-zation, Half-lives of less than 10 days were found in more than 60% of the soils sampled. This rapid dissipation could be linked in a significant way to repeated pretreaiments with atrazine (intensive maize cropping) as well as to higher pH values (from neutral to alkaline), A low organic matter content might also be a factor explaining the rapid degradation of atrazine. but to a lesser extent than the first two factors. On the other hand mineral fertilization was shown to slow down atrazine dissipation. It is hypothesized that repeated treatments of atrazine cause a mi-crobial adaptation to atrazine degradation and that acidic soil conditions impede this adaptation. To date, this is the first time that evidence for widespread accelerated degradation of atrazine has been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1997.d01-18.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic characterisation of fifteen atrazine-degrading microbial communities (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: atrazine; Biolog; community; biodegradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fifteen atrazine-degrading microbial communities obtained from different sources were able to degrade atrazine in a liquid mineral medium as the main organic substrate at high rates (atrazine half-lives ranging from 20 to 164 h). Hydroxyatrazine was the sole metabolite detected. This metabolite was always transient but its maximum level varied from 4 to 67% of the parent compound. Communities originating from subsurface sediments degraded atrazine at similar rates (half-lives between 56 and 62 h). A Biolog characterisation revealed a wide diversity of substrate utilisation by the communities originating either from the surface or the subsurface environments. Twenty-four Biolog carbon sources were degraded by the fifteen communities. A multiple regression analysis established a statistically significant relationship between the atrazine DT50 values of thirteen communities and their responses to four Biolog carbon sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900583
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chymotrypsin gene expression during the intermolt cycle in the shrimpPenaeus vannamei (Crustacea; Decapoda) (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Crustaceans ; prawns ; hepatopancreas ; chymotrypsin ; northern-blot ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract InPenaeus vannamei, chymotrypsin is present as two isoenzymes in the hepatopancreas. The enzyme has been localized in F-cells by immunocytochemistry using a specific antibody. By in situ hybridization, with a 510 pb cDNA probe encoding for the first 170 amino acids of the shrimp chymotrypsin, mRNA was localized in the same cells. Gene expression was followed during the intermolt cycle by measuring changes in specific activity in crude extracts, and by the estimation of mRNA levels by Northern blots using the same probe. The increase in specific activity in premolt is preceded in early premolt by an increase in the amount of chymotrypsin mRNA. A second increase is observed in postmolt, suggesting a different mode of regulation of gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01929362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of atrazine in sand sediments and in a sand-filter (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 589-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The potential of a microbial consortium for treating waters contaminated with atrazine was considered. In conventional liquid culture, atrazine and its two dealkylated by-products were equally metabolised by the microbial consortium. Transient production of hydroxyatrazine was observed during atrazine catabolism, indicating that the catabolic pathway was similar to the one reported for isolates capable of atrazine mineralisation. This consortium was then inoculated to sediments sampled from an artificial recharge site. These sediments were contaminated by atrazine and diuron and exhibited only a slow endogenous herbicide dissipation. Inoculated microorganisms led to extensive atrazine degradation and survived for more than 10 weeks in the sediments. A rudimentary bioreactor was then setup using a soil core originating from the same recharge site. Degrading microorganisms rapidly colonised the core and expressed their degrading activity. The efficiency of the bioreactor was improved in the presence of spiked environmental surface waters. Atrazine degraders thus possibly benefited from the other organic sources in developing and expressing their activity. The microbial consortium did not initially exhibit the capacity to degrade diuron, which was used as reference compound. No change in this characteristic was detected throughout the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000418
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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