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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Chemical Ecology of Defense in Arthropods (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 28 (1983), S. 263-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.001403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination betweenSalix andPopulus byPhyllodecta laticollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 24 (1978), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours d'essais concernant la résistance de saules et peupliers à différents insectes, il est apparu que le ChrysomélidePhyllodecta laticollis Suff. ne se nourrit ni ne pond sur aucun saule et n'attaque que le peuplier. Des tests utilisant des rondelles d'agar-cellulose imprégnées d'extraits aqueux, méthanoliques et acétoniques de deux plantes,Populus deltoides Marsh. ×trichocarpa Torr. & Gray, etSalix ×rubens Schrank. ont montré l'existence, chez le peuplier, de phagostimulants peu solubles dans l'acétone, tandis qu'avec l'appui d'une autre expérience il était possible de montrer l'absence, chez le saule, d'un inhibiteur du comportement alimentaire. Des élevagesab ovo de larves, réalisés dans diverses conditions, ont montré dans un cas au moins que le saule n'est pas immédiatement et fortement toxique pour l'insecte. Un test biologique utilisant directement les insectes sur des bandes de papier chromatographique après élution de différents extraits par différents éluants a été mis au point. Il a permis de montrer que les phagostimulants, par ailleurs non solubles dans l'hexane, donc polaires, se répartissent au moins en deux parties, dont une n'est pas éluée par l'acétone. La connaissance des mécanismes de la discrimination alimentaire pourrait entraîner une meilleure compréhension de la spécificité alimentaire d'espèces très proches.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding and choise experiments were performed withPhyllodecta laticollis using different extracts ofSalix andPopulus leaves. Specific polar phagostimulants are responsible for the choice ofPopulus by the insect. No effective deterrent was detected inSalix, and the physical texture of its leaves was shown to have little or no adverse effect on the insect's feeding. Various rearing experiments demonstrated that there is no immediately active antibiotic factor inSalix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385088
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical cues produced by conspecific larvae deter oviposition by the coccidophagous ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coccinellidae ; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri ; Coccoidae ; oviposition-deterring pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental evidence shows that oviposition in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is deterred by the presence of conspecific larvae. A similar deterrent effect is also recorded when females are tested in an experimental set up that previously housed conspecific larvae. It is shown that an oviposition-deterring pheromone is associated with the abundant wax filaments produced by the larvae of C. montrouzieri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343333
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri stimulated by wax filaments of its prey (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coccinellidae ; Cryptolaemus monrouzieri ; Coccoidea ; predator/prey relationships ; oviposition behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The oviposition responses of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to the soft scale Eupulvinaria hydrangeae (Steinweden) (Homoptera: Coccidae) and to the mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) have been compared in the laboratory. The females delay oviposition and withhold mature eggs in their lateral oviducts in the absence of wax filaments produced by the prey (only present in the ovisac of E. hydrangeae, present in all stages of P. citri). Contact chemical cues perceived by females when probing the wax filaments with their mouthparts are the signals inducing the search for oviposition sites. The second step is under the control of the ovipositor by which females locate confined sites to lay eggs. This oviposition behaviour could have a considerable impact on the prey exploitation strategy of this important biocontrol agent and might help to understand its apparent ineffectiveness in situations of low prey density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343332
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spruce stands provide natural food sources to adult hymenopteran parasitoids of bark beetles (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 96 (2000), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: bark beetles ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; natural enemies ; parasitoids ; adult feeding ; natural food resources ; Coeloides bostrychorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adults of synovigenic hymenopteran parasitoids of bark beetles need supplemental feeding to maximise their lifetime realised fecundity, and yet little is known about the natural sources that provide this food. Here we show that, in spite of the reduced diversity of flowering plants expected in even-aged spruce plantations, several plant species are present that might provide nectar and pollen to the hymenopteran parasitoid complex of Ips typographusL. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), throughout the growing season. Conifer aphids are also abundant in these stands and produce large amounts of honeydew, which might also be consumed by the parasitoids. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that longevity is significantly increased in Coeloides bostrychorum Giraud (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) when the wasps are exposed to flowers of various species commonly found in spruce stands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004062929569
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Take-off capacity as a criterion for quality control in mass-produced predators,Rhizophagus grandis (Col.: Rhizophagidae) for the biocontrol of bark beetles,Dendroctonus micans (Col.: Scolytidae) (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Dendroctonus micans ; Rhizophagus grandis ; Scolytidae ; Rhizophagidae ; biological control ; mass-rearing ; flight ; take-off ; windtunnel ; quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le temps passé en conservation à basse température (3–7°C) depuis la métamorphose est intervenu pour 81% dans la perte de la capacité d'envol chez le coléoptère prédateurRhizophagus grandis Gyll. lors d'expériences en tunnel de vol. A l'âge de trois semaines, les insectes sont à leur plus haut niveau d'envol (envol d'environ 80% des insectes). Par la suite, il y a un déclin constant de la capacité d'envol, à raison de 7% des insectes chaque mois. Des changements dans les réserves lipidiques peuvent partiellement expliquer cette réduction, bien qu'il n'y ait pas eu de différence entre le poids frais d'insectes capables de s'envoler et celui d'individus qui en étaient incapables. Le sexe a une influence sur le taux d'envol, avec un taux d'envol significativement plus élevé de 8.7% chez les femelles. La capacité d'envol est encore réduite chez des insectes qui ont été produits dans des élevages de masse où les parents étaient soumis à un mélange de stimuli de ponte de synthèse au lieu d'être mis en présence de larves deD. micans vivantes. Chez les insectes qui prennent leur vol, cependant, la réponse aux attractifs de synthèse est indépendante de l'âge ainsi que des conditions d'élevage.
    Notes: Abstract Time spent by adult beetles in cold storage at 3–7°C accounted for 81% of the loss of take-off capacity inRhizophagus grandis Gyllenhal in windtunnel experiments. At the age of three weeks, the insects were at their highest take-off capacity at about 80%. This was followed by a steady decrease, 7% of the insects failing to take-off each month. Changes in the fat reserves during cold storage could explain at least partly this reduction of flight capacity although there was no significant difference in fresh weight between insects that were able/unable to take-off. Sex had a significant influence on take-off rates, with an 8.7% higher take-off rate in females. Take-off capacity was further reduced when the insects were mass-produced in cultures using parent beetles submitted to a blend of synthetic oviposition stimulants instead of live prey larvae. Response to synthetic attractants by those insects which took-off, however, was not influenced by cold storage or by the use of synthetic stimulants in the culture medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373044
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2003-2019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus micans ; Dendroctonus valens ; Rhizophagus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Rhizophagidae ; Scolytidae ; oviposition stimuli ; biological control ; monoterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During a laboratory study evaluatingRhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Eurasian bark beetle,Dendroctonus micans), as a potential biocontrol agent against the North American bark beetle,Dendroctonus valens, it was found that feeding larvae and laboratory-produced frass of the potential prey elicited very high oviposition responses in the predator. Comparative chemical analysis of this laboratory-produced larval frass revealed that one major volatile compound, (-)-fenchone, is associated with the larvae of bothDendroctonus species.D. micans also generated pinocamphone while oxygenated monoterpenes in the frass ofD. valens were camphor,cis-4-thujanol, fenchol, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenal, pinocarvone, borneol, verbenone, piperitone, campholenaldehyde,trans-myrtanol,cis-myrtanol,p-cymen-8-ol and 5-oxo-camphor. This range of prey-produced compounds with a possible biological effect onR. grandis was narrowed down subsequent to comparative analysis of field-collected larval frass. (-)-Fenchone, pinocamphone, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, fenchol, and verbenone were found to be common to both prey species. A mixture of these seven components was tested in a bioassay, where it elicited as much oviposition as did larval frass ofD. micans. The oviposition stimulants forR. grandis are thus clearly among the mixture's constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992584
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of larval gregarious behavior in the bark beetleDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: aggregation pheromones ; aggregative behavior ; collective feeding ; Dendroctonus micans ; mathematical model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides a simple mathematical model of the aggregation behavior of the gregarious intracortical-feeding larvae of the bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans. The model's assumptions are that each individual produces pheromones at a constant rate and reacts positively to a pheromone gradient. These hypotheses have been tested by comparing experiments and simulations, both of which showed that (1) homogeneously distributed individuals aggregate rapidly at the center of the experimental or theoretical arena and (2) eccentric, preformed groups succeed in attracting dispersed individuals, provided that the initial size of these groups is sufficiently high. There is good agreement between most of the experimental and theoretical results, providing a link among chemical communication, density of larvae, and random events occurring during the development of a spatial structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01417910
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