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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer bronchogénique représente un des cancers les plus difficiles à traiter. Le taux de survie sur 779 cas de cancers primitifs au Memorial fut de 7,8% reflétant le caractère avancé du cancer du poumon lorsqu'il fut découvert l'inefficacité du traitement local habituel. Ainsi s'impose la nécessité d'un traitement général, de faible toxicité. De 1972 à 1975, 4 combinaisons de drogues ont été traitées au Centre: MAV, MFC, CAMF, VAB. Malgré le défaut de réponse significative la survie médiane fut de 2,5 à 6 mois. Une étude ultérieure à propos de hautes doses de cyclophosphamide suivies par de hautes doses de méthotrexate avec leukovirine se traduisit par une toxicité significative cependant qu'une réponse favorable partielle fut constatée chez 5 malades sur 20. D'autres agents furent testés pyrazofurin, vindesine, chlorozotocin, PCNU, PALA, m-AMSA et Interferon. Seule la Vindesine fut prometteuse. De nouveaux essais de D.D.P. combiné avec la Vindesine ont également été encourageants. Quatre-vingt-et-un malades présentant des cancers inopérables ont été traités par cette combinaison d'agents chimiques. La toxicité fut aisément contrôlée. Des réponses complètes ou partielles ont été enregistrées chez 35 malades. Ces réponses favorables ont une durée plus longue chez les malades recevants de fortes de doses D.D.P. L'adjonction de cyclophosphamides ne semble présenter aucun avantage. De futures études portant sur la combinaison de D.D.P. et de vindesine sont à envisager pour juger d'une meilleure efficacité.
    Notes: Abstract Bronchogenic carcinoma is one of the most difficult and pressing problems in cancer therapy. Overall survival of 799 primary cases at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center was 7.8%, reflecting the advanced nature of most lung cancer at the time of presentation and the inadequacy of current local therapies as potential cures. The need for effective systemic therapy having acceptable toxicity is obvious. From 1972 to 1975, four combination drug regimens were tested at the Center: MAV, MFC, CAMF, and VAB. Despite the lack of significant responses, the median survival was 2.5 to 6 months. A subsequent study of the effect of high doses of cyclophosphamide, followed by high doses of methotrexate with leukovorin rescue, produced significant toxicity; partial responses were seen in 5/20 patients. Other agents tested have included pyrazofurin, vindesine, chlorozotocin, PCNU, PALA, m-AMSA, and interferon. Only vindesine has shown promise. Recent trials of cisplatin (DDP) in combination with vindesine have been encouraging. Eighty-one patients with measurable inoperable non-small cell lung cancer have been treated with this combination. Toxicity has been easily managed. Complete or partial responses have been demonstrated in 43 percent of 35 patients. Duration of response has been significantly greater for patients receiving high-dose DDP as compared to low-dose DDP. Addition of cyclophosphamide to the regimen appeared to offer no obvious advantages. Future studies include a clinical trial of the DDP-vindesine combination in the adjuvant setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Antiemetics ; Clinical problems ; Methodological problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  During the 1995 Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Congress, a consensus conference was planned by the Subcommittee for Antiemetics. To define the topics to be discussed, a questionnaire containing both clinical and methodological issues was sent to 118 experts in 31 countries. The questionnaire contained 33 items on clinical and 19 items on methodological issues, and each response was rated on a 4-level categorical scale. The clinical issues were evaluated for interest, that is clinical importance, and feasibility, that is availability of sufficient data to make them suitable topics for the consensus conference. About 60% of questionnaires were returned, with a small number of missing responses. The responses to the items of clinical interest showed that about two-thirds of the issues identified by the Subcommittee were found by the experts to be of at least high interest, but often the availability of data was found to be insufficient for their discussion. Prevention of acute emesis induced by cisplatin and by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy and the optimal intravenous dose and schedule of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were the items with the highest interest and feasibility. The issues in the methodological section were also mostly found to be of at least high interest. The distinction between acute and delayed emesis, the evaluation of the persistence of antiemetic efficacy in subsequent cycles of chemotherapy and the statistical analysis of delayed emesis were the methodological issues in which the highest interest was recorded. Data collected will be used to define the main topics to be discussed during the planned consensus conference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 2 (1979), S. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vindesine is a new vinca alkaloid with broadspectrum antineoplastic activity in experimental tumor models. Phase-I studies have shown that a weekly dosage regimen of 3–4 mg/m2 IV produces manageable toxicity, with leukopenia and peripheral neuropathy being dose-limiting. Two hundred seventy-five patients have been enlisted in Phase-II trials at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Major objective responses (complete and partial remissions) were seen in bronchogenic carcinomas, melanoma, testicular carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's) and Wilms' tumor. Patients with hematologic and germ cell neoplasms were treated on a daily administration schedule (1.0–1.3 mg/m2 IV for 5–7 days). Vindesine was well tolerated, with less than 5% of patients having a WBC nadir of〈1000 cells/mm3 and with a platelet-sparing effect noted. Dose-related peripheral neuropathy occurred frequently and was generally mild to moderate in degree. Vindesine appears to be an active agent whose role will be further defined by completion of ongoing trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 2 (1994), S. 275-276 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 13 (1991), S. 189-197 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex hormones ; Antineoplastic agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Cannabinoids ; Clinical trials ; Dopamine antagonists ; Methods ; Metoclopramide ; Nausea ; Serotonin antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cytotoxic chemotherapy can induce acute, delayed and anticipatory nausea and vomiting. The efficacy and toxicity data of the available anti-emetics and their role in chemotherapy-induced emesis are reviewed. Moreover, some pitfalls in the methodology of anti-emetic trials as well as factors known to affect the individual sensitivity of patients for the emetic challenge are illustrated. So far, high-dose metoclopramide (3–6 mg·kg−1·d−1) was the most effective single agent in the control of acute emesis. However, extrapyramidal reactions caused by its dopamine antagonism remained a major drawback. The addition of dexamethasone and/or lorazepam decreases the incidence of extrapyramidal reactions, and further improves anti-emetic control. In animals, serotonin type 3 receptor antagonists have demonstrated promising anti-emetic results against chemotherapy-induced and radiotherapy-induced emesis; the results of clinical studies are awaited. Delayed nausea and vomiting have not been studied as extensively. At present, the combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone offers an optimal protection in approximately 50% of patients on cisplatin chemotherapy. Anticipatory nausea and emesis remain major problems, and an effective pharmacological treatment is lacking. Attempts to control this type of emesis focus on drugs with amnesic properties and on behaviour therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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