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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 63 (1959), S. 330-335 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: advanced pancreatic cancer ; chemotherapy ; clinical benefit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two case histories are reported here in which a chemotherapeutic approach improved the clinical conditions of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Until recently, chemotherapy was considered ineffective in pancreatic cancer, and most oncologists treated these patients with best-supportive-care only. Enthusiasm for systemic therapy of advanced pancreatic cancer is again growing, spurred by the advent of new drugs and new treatment endpoints such as life quality and symptom palliation. Gemcitabine, the most intensively- investigated new drug in pancreatic cancer, has shown an advantage in both survival and clinical benefit over that of 5-fluorouracil (5- FU). Other new drugs such as taxanes have shown interesting levels of activity, and are deserving of further evaluation. Although these results are far from conclusive and are only partially satisfactory, they represent a significant step forward in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: docetaxel ; gastric cancer ; second-line chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Docetaxel has shown some activity in advanced gastriccancer. Recent phase I studies found low hematologic toxicity and a favourabletoxicity profile when docetaxel was administered on a weekly schedule. In thisstudy, we explored the activity of weekly docetaxel in patients with advancedgastric cancer who failed first-line chemotherapy. Materials and methods:Patients with stable or progressing diseaseafter first-line chemotherapy received 36 mg/m2 weekly docetaxel.One cycle consisted of six administrations followed by a two-weeks rest,patients were re-evaluated at week eight. The optimal two-stage design wasadopted for early stopping of the trial if responses were one or less in 21patients (〈20% response rate with α and β errorprobabilities 0.05 and 0.010 respectively). Results:Twenty-one patients have been enrolled and they are fullyevaluable for response and toxicity. One patient achieved partial response,8 patients had stable disease and 12 patients progressed. Median overallsurvival from the onset of salvage chemotherapy was 3.5 months. Hematologictoxicity was observed in two patients who experienced grade III leukopenia.Beginning from the third week of treatment, most of the patients (90%)showed grade II asthenia which resulted the commonest side-effect. Conclusions:This schedule of weekly docetaxel did not showsignificant activity in pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Pamidronate ; Bone metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cancer patients with painful osteolytic bone metastases who had failed initial treatment with hormones and/or chemotherapy were each randomized to receive one of three pamidronate doses as outpatients : 45, 60, 90 mg given every 3 weeks for 12 weeks. Seventy patients were enrolled in this study, for a total of 265 infusions. There were 64 patients who completed 12 weeks of therapy. Forty-eight patients took nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs, while 22 patients received morphine before pamidronate treatment. A reduction in bone pain and mobility scores was observed in all three different dose groups: in 11 of 23 patients (47%) at 45 mg; in 12 of 24 patients (50%) at 60 mg; and in 16 of 23 patients (69%) at 90 mg. However, while for patients receiving pamidronate at 90 mg median changes in pain and mobility were statistically significant at the 6th week, for patients receiving 45 mg they were not significant until the 12th week and for patients receiving 60 mg, until the 9th week. In weeks 0–6, the daily consumption of analgesics was reduced in 3 patients in the 45-mg arm, in 4 patients in the 60-mg arm, and in 7 patients in the 90-mg arm. In weeks 7–12, the daily consumption of analgesics was reduced in 8 patients receiving 45 mg, in 8 patients receiving 60 mg, and in 7 patients receiving 90 mg. No significant toxicity was recorded. In 2 patients (45 and 90 mg) fever (〉38  °C) and myalgia were observed after the first administration. In conclusion, our results seem to confirm the utility of higher doses of pamidronate in patients with painful bone metastases, because of the faster symptom relief achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 18 (1979), S. 640-656 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Fließkurven von Rußsuspensionen in niedermolekularen Trägerflüssigkeiten können bei einer doppelt-logarithmischen Darstellung von Schubspannung gegen Schergeschwindigkeit durch zwei Geradenstücke beschrieben werden. Bei niedrigen Konzentrationen ist die Steigung der Geraden für kleine Schergeschwindigkeiten geringer als die für große Schergeschwindigkeiten, d. h. die Fließkurve ist nach oben gekrümmt. Bei hohen Konzentrationen gilt das Umgekehrte, d. h. die Fließkurve ist nach unten gekrümmt. Qualitativ können die Fließkurven als Teilstücke einer Ostwald-Kurve angesehen werden. Betreffend den experimentell verifizierbaren Schergeschwindigkeitsbereich entsprechen die Fließkurven hochviskoser Pasten einem unteren Teilabschnitt der zugehörigen Ostwald-Kurve, wohingegen niederviskose Pasten einem höheren Abschnitt zugeordnet sind. Eine ähnliche Interpretation ist auch für den Temperatureinfluß möglich. Bei verminderter Wechselwirkung zwischen Ruß und Trägerflüssigkeit wird die Fließkurve angehoben, d. h. infolge der Verstärkung des Partikel-Netzwerkes wird die Paste steifer. Die Viskositätskurve wird aus dem Verhältnis von Wandschubspannung und Wand-Schergeschwindigkeit bestimmt. Empirisch wurde gefunden, daß diese Suspensionsviskositätη bei vorgegebener Trägerflüssigkeit und für einen festgehaltenen Wert der Schergeschwindigkeit eine Funktion der spezifischen Teilchenoberfläche, der Konzentration und der „Struktur“ darstellt. Der Beitrag der beiden letzten Einflußgrößen kann, wie schon in einer früheren Veröffentlichung angegeben, durch den effektiven Volumenanteil $$V = \phi \left[ {1 + F\frac{{\left( {0,02139 \overline {DBPA} - 0,46} \right)}}{{1,46}}} \right]$$ ausgedrückt werden, wobeiF einen Wirkungsgrad-Faktor beschreibt. Die beste Anpassung erhält man, wenn manη als Potenzfunktion der Größe (ρS)1/2 V 2 mitF = 0,5 formuliert. Bei verschiedenen Meßreihen ergeben sich hierfür Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,91–0,95.
    Notes: Summary The rheology of suspensions of carbon black in low molecular weight liquid vehicles can be described by a double logarithmic flow curve; i.e., two straight lines on a log-log plot of shear stress vs. shear rate. At low loadings the slope of the low shear rate line is less than that of the high shear rate line; i.e., the log-log flow curve is concave upward. At high loadings the relative slopes are reversed; i.e., the curve is concave downward. Qualitatively the flow curves may be regarded as “windows” on a complete Ostwald flow curve. Over a given range of experimentally accessible shear rates, high viscosity pastes are, in effect, “viewed” at an early part of their Ostwald flow curves; while low viscosity pastes are “viewed” at an effectively higher shear rate region of their Ostwald flow curves. A similar interpretation is made for the effect of temperature. Decreased carbon black-vehicle interaction raises the level of the flow curves; i.e., makes a stiffer paste, due to formation of a stronger carbon black network. The apparent viscosity can be calculated as the ratio of shear stress to shear rate at the wall. Empirically we have found that the apparent viscosity of a suspension in a given vehicle at a given shear rate,η, is a function of the surface area of the carbon black, its volume loading and its structure. The contribution of the last two terms is expressed in terms of the effective volume fraction,V, defined as in previous work as $$V = \left[ {1 + F\frac{{\left( {0.02139 \overline {DBPA} - 0.46} \right)}}{{1.46}}} \right]$$ whereF is an effectiveness factor. The best relation is thatη is a power-law function of (ρS)1/2 V 2, withF = 0.5. For several sets of data, such functions gave correlation coefficients of 0.91–0.95.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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