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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 11 (1978), S. 1051-1053 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 18 (1980), S. 117-126 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En se servant d'un nouvel appareil à rayons parallèles, on a déterminé les propriétés mécaniques dynamiques du poly(méthyl-méthacrylate) dans un large intervalle de poids moléculaires (1500〈 $$\overline M _n$$ 〈600 000). Les résultats on montré que le module (25°) ne dépend que peu de la longueur de la chaîne et est égal à 2.3×109 Pa pour le plus haut poids moléculaire étudié. L'acquisition simultanée des relaxationsα etβ a indiqué, en accord avec la relation de Gibbs, une diminution deT α tandis queT β s'avere invariable. Les valeursT α ∞ =111°et}T β ∞ =40° ont corroboré toutes deux des résultats antérieurs de diverses sources, y compris des mesures mécanique dynamiques. Un tel module ainsi que les données de la transition vitreuse sont essentiels pour calculer la résistance à la rupture, et pour déterminer les dommages par irradiation des matières acryliques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Unter Anwendung eines neuen Parallelstrahlgerätes wurden die dynamischen mechanischen Eigenschaften von Poly(methylmethacrylat) in einem weiten Molmassenbereich (1500〈 $$\overline M _n$$ 〈600 000) bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß der Modul (25°) nur wenig von der Kettenlänge abhängig und für die höchste erfaßte Molmasse gleich 2.3× ×109 Pa war. Die gleichwertige Erfassung derα- undβ-Relaxationen zeigte in Übereinstimmung mit der Gibbs-schen Abhängigkeit eine Abnahme vonT α währendT β unverändert blieb. SowohlT α ∞ =111° als auchT β ∞ =40° bestätigten frühere Ergebnisse verschiedenen Ursprungs, dynamische mechanische Messungen mit inbegriffen. Solch ein Modul und Glas-Übergangsdaten sind zur Berechnung der Bruchfestigkeit bzw. zur Bestimmung der Bestrahlungsschäden in Acrylaten unerläßlich.
    Notes: Abstract Using a new parallel beam apparatus, the dynamic mechanical properties of poly-(methyl methacrylate) were determined over a wide range of molecular weights (1500〈 〈 $$\overline M _n$$ 〈600 000). Results showed that the modulus (25 °C) was only slightly dependent on chain length, and equalled 2.3×109 Pa for the highest molecular weight scanned. Simultaneous acquisition ofα- andβ-relaxations indicated a decrease inT α in accordance with Gibbs' relation, whileT β was invariant. BothT α ∞ =111° andT β ∞ =40° corroborated previous results from several sources, including dynamic mechanical measurements. Such modulus and glass transition data are essential to the calculation of fracture toughness and to the assessment of radiation damage of acrylic, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1991), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Whereas most studies of tail-suspension induced osteopenia have utilized rat femora, the present study investigated the effects of a 14 day tail-suspension on the mechanical behaviour of mice femora, tibiae and humeri. Force-deflection properties were obtained via three-point bending for long bones from suspended and control mice. Whole bone behaviour was characterized by converting the force-deflection values to stiffness, strength, ductility and energy parameters which were not normalized for specimen geometry. The effects of a systematic variation in the deflection rate over the range 0.1–10 mm min−1 were also evaluated. Statistical analysis indicated that the primary effect of the tail-suspension period was lowered bone mass which was manifested mechanically through lower values of the bone strength parameters. These effects were similar in the bones of both the fore and hind limbs. The results also demonstrated that the stiffness, ductility and energy characteristics were much less influenced by the tail-suspension. Whereas a significant dependence of the bone strength values upon deflection rate was observed for the femora and humeri, the other mechanical parameters were less sensitive. Based upon the nature of the physical and mechanical changes observed in the long bones following tail-suspension, the mouse appears to be a suitable animal model for the study of osteopenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Buffered sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution was used to remove selectively the collagen phase from bovine cortical bone. Changes in the mechanical behaviour and material properties were studied over a wide range of resolution (from 5 μm to 3 mm) using an integrated combination of experimental techniques. Optical microscopy indicated that timed immersion in NaOCl results in cortical bone specimens that consist of a mineralized tissue core surrounded by a layer of deproteinized or anorganic bone. With increased NaOCl treatment, the mechanical behaviour in three-point flexure of the intact specimens became increasingly characteristic of a brittle ceramic material. Localized material properties were evaluated using histology, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness testing. The site-specific properties and the mineralization of the cores were not significantly affected by the treatment; however, the interactions and structural framework of the hydroxyapatite crystallites within the anorganic material were compromised. This destruction of crystallite interlocking was not observed in samples in which the organic phase was removed by ashing at 800°C. The ashed samples maintained microhardness values three times those of the bleached samples. Because of its damaging effects on cortical bone structural integrity, the NaOCl treatment did not provide a reasonable means of studying, as a function of the phasic mass fraction, incremental changes in bone mechanical behaviour or the relative roles of collagen and mineral within the structural hierarchy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 3159-3162 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1785-1788 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 2795-2805 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of crosslinking upon the dynamic mechanical properties and swelling behavior of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been studied. Materials were prepared by the free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid with varying amounts of the tetrafunctional monomer allyl acrylate (ALA). The results indicated a linear dependence of the glass-transition temperature (Tg) on composition, Tg increasing by ∼43°C over the mole fraction range X = 0-0.37 ALA. Room temperature (25°C) modulus values, as determined by both dynamic and compression methods, were inversely proportional to the initial concentration of ALA. The degree of network formation has been characterized in terms of the molecular weight between crosslinks Mc, and the influence of this parameter on the swelling ratio was discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A new polymer-ceramic composite suitable for tooth-root implants has been developed in this study. This material exhibited the desirable combination of good mechanical properties, controlled porosity, and ease of processing. A thermal processing technique was utilized to polymerize acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of either 0.3 or 0.05 μ alumina particles. Porosity and pore size distribution were influenced by the alumina particle size and the processing technique. For a 50 vol % AA solution, the composite had an average compressive strength of 18,000 psi and 38% porosity when 0.3 μ filler particles were used. In comparison, the 0.05 μ alumina-filled composite had an average compressive strength of 28,000 psi with a 15% porosity.Data on the physical and structural characteristics of the composite are presented in this study. Based on these results, the composite material shows good potential for use in tooth-root implants as well as other orthopedic implant applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 12 (1978), S. 929-933 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 47-59 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A recently developed dynamic mechanical analysis technique was utilized to determine the setting rates of dental amalgams. Via a compound parallel beam apparatus the dynamic mechanical properties of five amalgam materials were continuously measured at 37°C within ca. 7 min after the start of trituration. Over a 15 hr period results showed that the modulus of elasticity (Ea) increased from 1.2 × 1010 Pa to 6.5 × 1010 Pa - the latter generally approaching those values reported via ultrasonic techniques. Moduli results via compression tests on microspecimens (3 × 2 × 1 mm) paralleled previous reliable literature data, nominally yielding values for Ea of 2-3 × 1010 Pa. The extent of Ea scatter from both inter- and intrapreparer experiments appeared similar, although superior technique generally could be recognized by a systematic shift of the mean results to higher Ea's. In addition to modulus studies both compressive strengths (σmax) and their corresponding strains (∊) were measured on microspecimens at a strain rate (∊) of 0.031 min-1, with a significant increase being noted in σmax for the one material tested at over an order of magnitude increase in ∊.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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