Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Saplings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were exposed at an outdoor facility to modulated levels of elevated UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) under treatment arrays of cellulose diacetate-filtered fluorescent lamps which also produced UV-A radiation (315–400 nm). Saplings were also exposed to UV-A radiation alone under control arrays of polyester-filtered lamps and to ambient levels of solar radiation under arrays of unenergized lamps. The UV-B treatment corresponded to a 30% elevation above the ambient level of erythemally weighted UV-B radiation. Sapling growth and the occurrence of associated organisms were examined over two years. In both years, leaves of saplings exposed to UV-B treatment were thicker and smaller in area relative to leaves exposed to ambient and control levels of radiation. UV-B treatment also retarded bud burst at one sampling in the first year of the study. Some responses were recorded which were common to both treatment and control arrays, implying that UV-A radiation, or some other factor associated with energized lamps, was responsible for the observed effects. Saplings under treatment and control arrays were taller in the first year of the study, suffered greater herbivory from chewing insects, and had lower root dry weights and greater insertion heights of secondary branches than saplings exposed to ambient levels of radiation. Exposure of saplings to elevated UV-A radiation alone under control arrays increased estimated leaf volumes in the second year of the study and reduced the number of secondary branches and the total number of branches per sapling after two years, relative to both treatment and ambient arrays. There were no effects of elevated ultraviolet radiation on shoot or total plant weight, root/shoot ratios, stem diameter, the numbers or insertion heights of primary or tertiary branches, total leaf number, timing of leaf fall or frequency of ectomycorrhizas. Our study suggests that any increases in UV-B radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion will influence the growth of Q. robur primarily through effects on leaf morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We examined whether the exposure of Quercus robur L. to elevated UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) during growth would influence leaf decomposition rate through effects on litter quality. Saplings were exposed for eight months at an outdoor facility in the UK to a 30% elevation above the ambient level of erythemally weighted UV-B radiation under UV-B treatment arrays of fluorescent lamps filtered with cellulose diacetate, which transmitted both UV-B and UV-A (315–400 nm) radiation. Saplings were exposed to elevated UV-A alone under control arrays of lamps filtered with polyester and to ambient radiation under unenergised arrays of lamps. Abscised leaves from saplings were enclosed in 1 mm2 mesh nylon bags, placed in a Quercus–Fraxinus woodland and were sampled at 0.11, 0.53, 1.10 and 1.33 years for dry weight loss, chemical composition and saprotrophic fungal colonization.At abscission, litters from UV-A control arrays had ≈ 7.5% higher lignin/nitrogen ratios than those from UV-B treatment and ambient arrays (P 〈 0.06). Dry weight loss of leaves treated with elevated UV-B radiation during growth was 2.5% and 5% greater than that of leaves from UV-A control arrays at 0.53 and 1.33 years, respectively. Litter samples from UV-B treatment arrays lost more nitrogen and phosphorus than samples from ambient arrays and more carbon than samples from UV-A control arrays. The annual fractional weight loss of litter from UV-B treatment arrays was 8% and 6% greater than that of litter from UV-A control and ambient arrays, respectively. Regression analyses indicated that the increased decomposition rate of UV-B treated litters was associated with enhanced colonization of leaves by basidiomycete fungi, the most active members of the soil fungal community, and that the frequency of these fungi was negatively associated with the initial lignin/nitrogen ratio of leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: It has been suggested that field experiments which increase UV-B irradiation by a fixed amount irrespective of ambient light conditions (‘square-wave’), may overestimate the response of photosynthesis to UV-B irradiation. In this study, pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were grown in the field and subjected to a modulated 30% increase in ambient UK summer UV-B radiation (weighted with an erythemal action spectrum) and a mild drought treatment. UV-A and ambient UV control treatments were also studied. There were no significant effects of the UV-B treatment on the in situ CO2 assimilation rate throughout the day or on the light-saturated steady-state photosynthesis. This was confirmed by an absence of UV-B effects on the major components contributing to CO2 assimilation; photosystem II electron transport, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase carboxylation, and stomatal conductance. In addition to the absence of an effect on photosynthetic activities, UV-B had no significant impact on plant biomass, leaf area or partitioning. UV-B exposure increased leaf flavonoid content. The UV-A treatment had no observable effect on photosynthesis or productivity. Mild drought resulted in reduced biomass, a change in partitioning away from shoots to roots whilst maintaining leaf area, but had no observable effect on photosynthetic competence. No UV-B and drought treatment interactions were observed on photosynthesis or plant biomass. In conclusion, a 30% increase in UV-B had no effects on photosynthetic performance or productivity in well-watered or droughted pea plants in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 22 (1999), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Qualitative samples of Collembola were obtained from a range of substrates near Husvik, Stromness Bay, South Georgia, between January and March 1996. Collections made at Hope Point near Grytviken (Cumberland East Bay) in 1980/1982 and 1997 were also examined. Fifteen species of Collembola were recorded around Husvik; most were widely distributed. Two of these, Friesia sp. nov. and Cryptopygus badasa, represent additions to the previously recognised fauna of 17 species. A new record of an introduced species, Hypogastrura purpurescens, was identified in collections from Hope Point in 1980/1982, bringing the total South Georgian fauna to 20 species. A key to South Georgian Collembola is included. H. purpurescens and the congeneric Hypogastrura viatica, both cosmopolitan invasive species, have also been recognised on other sub-Antarctic islands and have displaced resident species from some habitats. Their presence on South Georgia, and the dominance of H. viatica in some habitats, highlight the importance of strict quarantine measures to avoid the introduction of further alien invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  As an addendum to a recent publication on the terrestrial arthropod fauna of the Byers Peninsula Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), which included preliminary identification of four Collembola, we now present detailed information on Collembola occurring within the SSSI. Five species were recorded [Friesea grisea (Schaffer), Tullbergia mixta Wahlgren, Isotoma (Folsomotoma) octooculata (Willem), Cyptopygus antarcticus Willem, and Cryptopygus sp. nov.]. Species occurrence and abundance differed between samples collected from poorly vegetated stony ground and vegetation cores. F. grisea was both the commonest (58% of individuals) and the most widely distributed (18/19 samples) springtail in the former habitat. Cryptopygus sp. nov. was recorded only in the vegetation core samples. All five species were more evenly distributed in vegetation samples, although C. antarcticus and Cryptopygus sp. nov. were again the least abundant. A list of the terrestrial arthropods of the SSSI is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 24 (1977), S. 163-182 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but du présent travail consiste à mettre en évidence, d'une part l'effet de plusieurs types de végétation couvrant le sol et, d'autre part celui de leurs modifications par défrichement ou culture sur la composition de la faune en Fourmis terricoles. On examine aussi quelques aspects de la concurrence entre espèces terricoles et arboricoles. Pour ce faire, on a observé les Fourmis peuplant 3 milieux de la côte nord de Guadalcanal dans les îles Salomon. Ces milieux consistent: 1) en une série de cultures variées comprenant de la forêt, des terres dénudées peu après arasement de la forêt et en un petit jardin cultivé d'une surface d'un hectare environ; 2) dans une plantation de cocotiers, un essai de recouvrement du sol réalisé à l'aide de plantes cultivées et d'herbes diverses; 3) dans cette même plantation, en diverses zones de végétations dissemblables à travers lesquelles un transect consistant en 18 quadrats contigus a été réalisé. Les Fourmis ont été récoltées dans des échantillons de terre et de litière de feuilles soit à l'aide d'entonnoir Tullgren, soit en triant à la main les Fourmis contenues dans des quadrats de gazon, ces échantillons de gazon ayant été récoltés manuellement selon une procédure quantitative, soit enfin en se servant d'appâts constitués par des boîtes contenant du sirop. Les milieux déforestés sont principalement peuplés d'un seul type de faune incluant nombre d'espèces très répandues dans le Pacifique. Cette faune pénètre aussi en forêt où se trouvent d'autres Fourmis caractéristiques de ce milieu. L'augmentation du nombre d'espèces dans ces différents habitats est généralement corrélée avec celle de la biomasse végétale, bien que l'on constate une diminution dans la zone couverte d'herbes hautes. En dehors de la forêt, la faune la plus diversifiée, avec 7 à 12 espèces par quadrat de 0,37 m2, fut localisée dans le transect, c'est-à-dire dans le milieu le moins perturbé. Dans ce milieu, les hautes densités mesurées chez certains terricoles et l'accès aux ressources du sol qui en découle expliqueraient le succès de ces espèces dans la compétition diffuse qui les oppose aux Fourmis dominantes présentant des densités moins élevées.
    Notes: Summary Ants were studied on three sites on the north coast of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands: 1, a shifting cultivation sequence of forest, bare ground shortly after forest had been cleared and a subsistence graden; 2, in a coconut plantation, a ground cover trial comprising a cover crop and grasses; 3, also in a coconut plantation a transect which crossed a vegetation discontinuity. The objects were to assess the effects of disturbance (clearing or cultivation), and of different types of vegetation cover on the composition of the ant fauna of the ground layer, and to investigate aspects of competition between ground-living and arboreal species. Ants were sampled by extracting soil and litter in Tullgren funnels, hand-sorting quadrats of turf and litter, qualitative hand collections and by using syrup baits. The open, non-forest sites were occupied by essentially a single fauna in which species with wide distributions in the Pacific were prominent. This fauna also penetrated forest where there were additional exclusive species. The numbers of species in different habitats generally increased with increasing mass of vegetation, although there was a reduction in areas of dense, long grass. Outside forest the most diverse fauna, with 7–12 species per 0.37 m2 quadrat, was found in the transect, the least disturbed habitat. Here a high density of nests of certain ground-living species and the consequent accessiblity of resources on the ground would account for the success of these species in diffuse competition with dominant ants having less frequent nests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 20 (1973), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets d'enfouissement ont été observés en utilisant des pièges au cours d'une étude des fourmis du Sud australien. Ces effets consistent en de nombreuses captures, aussitôt après la mise en place des pièges, suivis d'une réduction de ce nombre. Ils sont plus marqués chez les fourmis dont les nids sont proches ou accessibles par rapport aux pièges, mais des captures de fourmis dans des pièges plus éloignés peuvent présenter des effets retardés. Il est suggéré que l'effet d'enfouissement peut être réduit en plaçant les trappes renversées une semaine avant de les utiliser comme pièges.
    Notes: Summary Digging-in effects were recorded while using pitfall traps in a study of ants in Southern Australia. These effects consist of high catches immediately after traps are established which subsequently decline. They are most pronounced among ants with nests close, or accessible to traps, but catches of ants from more distant traps may show delayed digging-in effects. It is suggested that the digging-in effect can be reduced by placing pitfalls, inverted, for one week prior to operating them as traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les distributions de trois «formes», en réalité des espèces jumelles d'Iridomyrmex purpureus furent étudiées près de Morgan en Australie du Sud, où la précipitation annuelle est de 230 mm. La dispersion des colonies a été décrite en détail pour une «forme bleue» et pour la formepurpureus sens. strict. qui existait dans cette région bien au-delà de ses limites pour les basses précipitations. Une colonie exceptionnellement grande d'I. purpureus couvrait un territoire de 10 ha: comprenant plus de 85 nids, elle avait plus de 1 500 entrées individuelles. Nous avons décrit les interactions entre les ouvrières des différentes formes, et leurs interactions au sein et entre les colonies de la même forme. La totalité de la faune de fourmis de la région et les faunes qui accompagnaient les différentes espèces d'Iridomyrmex furent étudiées au moyen de récoltes faites à la main et de piègeages dans des fosses. La diversité (abondance d'espèces) et la présence d'espèces de fourmis sans adaptations particulières sont liées au type de végétation et auxIridomyrmex associées. Les prises dans les pièges suggérant que le nombre d'individus et le nombre d'espèces d'autres taxons actifs à la surface du sol, en particulier les collemboles, sont affectés par le nombre de fourmis, en particulier les espèces d'Iridomyrmex et d'autres fourmis sans adaptations particulières. Au niveau évolutif, lesIridomyrmex influencent aussi la faune associé. On a noté la présence d'araignées zodariides présentant un mimétisme de couleur par rapport aux espèces presque identiques d'I. purpureus, dont ils sont des prédateurs. Nous avons noté et discuté des cas possibles de mimétisme d'I. purpureus par des fourmis du genreCamponotus.
    Notes: Summary The distributions of three “forms”, actually sibling species, of meat ant were studied near Morgan, South Australia, an area with mean annual rainfall of 230 mm. Colony dispersion is described for a “blue form” and for formpurpureus sens. strict. which occurs in this locality far beyond its normal low rainfall limit. An unusually large colony ofpurpureus had a territory covering 10 ha with more than 85 nests and over 1,500 individual nest entrances. Worker interactions between forms, and within and between colonies within forms are described. The ant fauna of the locality as a whole and the faunas accompanying differentIridomyrmex species were investigated by means of hand collections and pitfall trapping. Diversity (species — richness) and the occurrence of widely adapted ant species are related to vegetation type and associatedIridomymex. Catches of pitfall traps suggested that the numbers of individuals and species of other taxa active on the soil surface, predominantly Collembola, were affected by numbers of ants, particularlyIridomyrmex species and other, widely adapted ants.Iridomyrmex also influence associated fauna at an evolutionary level. The presence of zodariid spiders which are sibling species-specific colour mimics and predators of meat ants is noted. Possible cases of mimicry of meat ants by ants of the genusCamponotus are recorded and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 19 (1972), S. 195-212 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Observations on the ecology of four ant species in the Solomon Islands are described. The ants are the native speciesOecophylla smaragdina, andIridomyrmex cordatus, andAnoplolepis longipes andPheidole megacephala which are introduced. Brief accounts are given of each species' colony structure, nest sites, habitats and enemies. All species have a wide food range but the main sources are honeydew obtained from Homoptera and prey. Honeydew is most important as a component of the diet of the native ant species which show close relationships with endemic and native Homoptera. The two introduced ants depend to a greater extent on predation and this situation is contrasted with that in their source region, Africa. The topics covered in an investigation of the four species' water and temperature relations were resistance to desiccation, the relation between temperature and speed of movement of foraging workers and temperature and humidity preferences.Oecophylla smaragdina is tolerant of variation in both factors,P. megacephala is best suited to a relatively low temperature range andA. longipes to a high one, although susceptible to desiccation. These differences are realised in the species daily foraging times;O. smaragdina is diurnal,P. megacephala andI. cordatus are nocturnal andA. longipes is crepuscular with activity usually limited in the day by low humidity and at night by low temperature. It is concluded that the native species are best adapted to Solomon Islands conditions in terms of food supply and the physical, climatic environment.
    Notes: Résumé On décrit des observations sur l'écologie de quatre espéces de fourmis aux îles Salomon. Il s'agit des fourmis des espèces indigènes d'Oecophylla smaragdina etIridomyrmex cordatus, et des espèces introduites d'Anoplolepis longipes etPheidole megacephala. L'auteur donne de brefs exposés sur la structure de colonie, sur le terrain de nid, sur l'habitat et sur les ennemis de chaque espèce. Toutes les espèces disposent d'une vaste étendue de nourriture, mais les sources principales en sont les miellats, retirés des Homoptera, et la proie. Le miellat est très important comme partie constituante de la nourriture des espèces de fourmis indigènes, qui montrent des rapports très proches avec les Homoptera endémiques et indigènes. Les deux espèces de fourmis introduites dépendent plutôt de la prédation, tandis qu'en Afrique, leur région d'origine, c'est le contraire. Dans un examen des quatre espèces, on a traité des sujets suivants: la résistance au dessèchement, la relation entre la température et la vitesse de mouvement des butineuses, et les préférences de température et d'humidité.Oecophylla smaragdina supporte bien la variation des deux facteurs,P. megacephala est adaptée le mieux aux températures relativement basses, tandis queA. longipes s'adapte le mieux à une température élevée, bien qu'elle soit prédisposée au dessèchement. C'est en observant les heures de la journée où les espèces butinent qu'on se rend compte de ces différence:O. smaragdina est diurne,P. megacephala etI. cordatus sont nocturnes.A. longipes est crépusculaire, et habituellement limite son activité diurne pendant les périodes de basse humidité, et son activité nocturne pendant les périodes de basse température. L'auteur a conclu que les espèces indigènes s'adaptent mieux aux conditions des îles Salomon en ce qui concerne la distribution de nourriture et l'entourage physique et climatique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 6 (1963), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cycle quotidien de l'activité des mouvements fut étudié chez plusieurs espèces de Carabidae par observations d'élevage en insectarium. L'auteur a trouvé que la majorité des espèces pourraient être classées strictement comme nocturnes ou diurnes. Certaines espèces furent classées comme indifférentes, le cycle journalier de leur activité variant en fonction des modifications naturelles du milieu externe.
    Notes: Abstract The daily cycle of activity was investigated in a number of species of Carabidae. Most were either nocturnal or diurnal, but some were “plastic” and responded to environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...