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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF THE STARCH COMPONENTS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE GRANULE (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 210 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47557.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On hydrogen bonding in amylose (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110124
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The properties of amylose as related to the fractionation and subfractionation of starchThis is Part XVIII in the Series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches”; Part XVII, Chem. and Ind. 1959, in press. (1959)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 31 (1959), S. 197-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einflüse, die die Molekülgröße der isolierten Amylose ändern, werden besprochen. Die Wirkung verschiedener Isolierungsmethoden auf die Molekülgröße der Amylose aus Kartoffelstärke wurde untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß beim Ausziehen der Körner mit wäßrigem Schwefeldioxyd Abbau stattfindet; eine Methode, die 0.01 M Quecksilber (II)-chlorid gebraucht, wird empfohlen. Die Eigenschaften der durch Extrahieren der Körner mit Wasser erthaltenen Amylose hängen von der Vorbehandlung der Körner ab. Dieses Verhalten wurde einegehend untersucht. Dir Behandlung der Stärkekörner mit kochendem 80 % wäßrigem Methanol zieht einem Amyloseanteil aus, der durch β-Amylase vollständig zu Maltose hydrolysiert wird. Andere Verfahren, dir kochende organische Lösungsmittel gebrauchen, werden kritisch untersucht; Abbau and Äderung der Amylose können dabei stattfinden. Die Verkleisterung vorbehandelter Könner wurde untersucht.Eine Reihe von Amylosefraktionen wurde von Gersten- und Kartoffelstärken durch sukzessive Extraktion mit Wasser bei zunehmenden Temperaturen erhalten; der Amyloseteil, der in den Körnen zurückblieb, wurde am Ende durch vollständige Lösung isoliert, Diese Praktionen zeigen ein Zunehmen der Molekülgröße (viskometrisch bestimmt) und ein begleitendes Abnehmen der prozentuellen Umwandlung durch β-Amylase. Die Bedeutung dieser Resultate in bezug auf die Struktur der Amylose wird besprochen. Die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Methoden zur Quellung der Körner vor der Lösung wurde auch untersucht; Vorbehandlung mit flüssigem Ammoniak war am geeignetsten. Die Fraktionierung der Kartoffelstärke durch Behandlung der Körner mit Alkali wurde studiert.
    Notes: Factors which infulence the apparent molecular size of amylose are discussed. The effect of various isolation procedures on the molecular size of the amylose from potato starch has been studied. Degradation occurs when sulphur dioxide saturated water is used to extract the granules; a method involving 0.01 M mercuric chloride is recommended. The properties of the amylose obtained on aqueous leaching of the granule are controlled by the pretreatment of the granules. This behaviour has been studied in detail. When a granular starch is treated with boiling 80 % aqueous methanol, leaching results in the extraction of a subfraction of amylose which is hydrolysed completely to maltose under the action of β-amylase. Other procedures involving the action of boiling organic solvents on potato and wheat starches have been critically examined; degradation and modification of the properties of the amylose may then occur. The gelatinization of pretreated granules has been examined.A series of subfractions of amylose has been obtained from barely and potato starches by leaching successively with water at increasing temperature; the amylose remaining in the residual granule was then obtained by complete dispersion. These subfractions showed an increase in moleculare size (by viscosity measurements) which was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage conversion to maltose on β-amylolysis. The implications of these results with regard to the structure of amylose are discussed. Various methods for swelling granules prior to dispersion have also been examined; pretreatment with liquied ammonia was found to be most satisfactory for aiding dispersion. The method of fractionation of potato starch by treating the granules with alkali has been studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1959.020310113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the isolation and subfractionation of amylose: The presence in amylose of a natural barrier to β-amylolysisThis is Part XXXI in the Series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches”; Part XXX, Stärke 15 (1963) 444. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 79 (1964), S. 189-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Amylose, die aus Kartoffel-, Weizen- und iris-germanica-Stärke nach den üblichen Methoden isoliert worden war, wurde aus einer Dispersion in Dimethylsulfoxyd durch Zugabe von Äthanol und anderen Fällungsmitteln unterfraktioniert. Es wurden Fraktionen erhalten, deren Viskositätszahl einen weiten Bereich überstreicht und die, was wichtiger ist, in dem bei dem Abbau mit β-Amylase erhaltenen Grenzwert [β] differierten. Nach Ultrazentrifugenmessungen in verdünntem Alkali schienen alle Proben homogen zu sein. Wurden die Ultrazentrifugenmessungen in Salzlösungen durchgeführt, erwiesen sich diejenigen, deren [β] 〈 95 war, als heterogen und zeigten eine kleine Menge einer schneller beweglichen Komponente. Die Ergebnisse scheinen darauf hinzuweisen, daß diese Komponente die Barrierenwirkung beim β-Amylaseabbau verursacht.Bei Kartoffelamylose, die in verschiedenen Reifezuständen isoliert worden war, ist ein Anwachsen in [η] mit einer Abnahme von [β] verbunden. Die Beeinflussung der scheinbaren Molekülgröße und des [β]-Wertes durch diesen und andere Faktoren wird diskutiert. Lichtstreuungsmessungen bestätigen das Molekulargewicht und die breite Molekulargewichtsverteilung der natürlichen Amylose. Die Fraktionierung von Stärke, die mit Dimethylsulfoxyd vorbehandelt wurde, wird einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen.
    Notes: Samples of amyloses isolated from potato, wheat, and iris germanica starch by conventional procedures have been subfractionated by the addition of ethanol and other precipitants to a dispersion in dimethylsulphoxide. Fractions having a very wide range in limiting viscosity number [η], were obtained, but more significantly the samples differed in their β-amylolysis limits, [β]. On ultracentrifugation all samples were apparently homogeneous in dilute alkali, but most of them with [β] 〈 95 were heterogeneous in saline, and showed a minor, faster-moving component. Evidence is presented that this component may contain the barrier to β-amylolysis. For amyloses isolated from potatoes at varying stages of maturity, an increase in [η] is associated with a decrease in [β]. The significance of this and other factors controlling the apparent molecular size and the [β]-value are discussed. Lightscattering measurements confirm the molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution of natural amylose. Fractionation of starch pretreated with dimethylsulphoxide has been critically examined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1964.020790118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentation studies on amylose acetate in nitromethane solutionThis is Part 38 in the Series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches”; Part 37, Trans. Faraday Soc., in the press. (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 111 (1968), S. 226-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Messungen der Sedimentationskoeffizienten von 12 Amyloseacetatfraktionen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left( {1,5 \cdot 〈 {\rm \bar M}_{\rm w} 〈 3,2 \cdot 10^6 } \right) $$\end{document} in Nitromethanlösung zeigten, daß die Beziehung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} = 2,25 \cdot 10^{ - 15} {\rm \bar M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0,42}} $$\end{document} gilt. Nach dem COWIE-BYWATER-Verfahren wurden die ungestörten Dimensionen aus den Sedimentationsdaten ermittelt. Die FLORY-MANDELKERN-Konstante β war unabhängig vom Molekulargewicht und zeigt somit, daß die Durchspülung des Amyloseacetatmoleküls im untersuchten Molekulargewichtsbereich vernachlässigbar ist. Es wird geschlossen, daß das Amyloseacetatmolekäl in Lösung eine Ausdehnung aufweist, die mehr durch die Wechselwirkung zwischen Gelöstem und Lösungsmittel als durch starke sterische Behinderung zustande kommt; das Polymere verhält sich wie, ein statistisches Knäuel in Übereinstimmung mit der Theorie von FLORY.
    Notes: Measurement of the sedimentation coefficient of 12 amylose acetate fractions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left( {1.5 \cdot 〈 {\rm \bar M}_{\rm w} 〈 3.2 \cdot 10^6 } \right) $$\end{document} in nitromethane solution showed that the relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} = 2.25 \cdot 10^{ - 15} {\rm \bar M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0}{\rm .42}} $$\end{document} holds. Unperturbed dimensions were obtained using the COWIE-BYWATER treatment of the sedimentation data. The FLORY-MANDELKERN Constant, β, was independent of molecular weight, indicating that there was negligible draining of the amylose acetate moleclue in the molecular weight examined. It is concluded that the amylose acetate is extended in solution as a result of solute-solvent interaction rather than to a high degree of steric hindrance; the polymer behaves as a random coil in agreement with the FLORY theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1968.021110120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Molecular Weight of High Polymers by Measurement of Osmotic Pressures at Low Concentrations (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 585-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An equilibrium osmometer for the measurement of very low osmotic pressures has been designed. It is constructed of metal and employs a large horizontal membrane. A rapid approach to equilibrium is obtained by the use of a fine capillary and a bacterial cellulose membrane (Masson and Melville) in conjunction with complete thermostatting. To avoid displacement, the membrane is stretched in a frame and held over a grooved domed support of the Carter-Record type. Details of procedure, including concentration estimation and the preparation of membranes, are given.Measurements of the osmotic pressure of a fractionated sample of polystyrene, of molecular weight approximately one million, have served to determine the precision of the osmometer. At a pressure of 0.026 cm. of chloroform, the standard deviation was found to be 0.002 cm. The importance of correcting for the density of the solution, when measuring high molecular weights, is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060508
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrodynamic behaviour of amylose tricarbanilate in dilute solutionThis is Part 54 in the Series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches” Part 53, European Polymer J., in the press.. III. The relations between viscosity, sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight, and coil dimensions for amylose tricarbanilate in a pyridine/water theta-solvent (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 140 (1970), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Viskositäts-, Sedimentations- und Streulichtmessungen an Amylosecarbanilatfraktionen in einem thermodynamisch idealen Lösungsmittel (Pyridin/Wasser) ausgeführt. Für die Molekulargewichte im Bereich 0,5 · 106 〈 M̄w 〈 2,5 · 106 wurden folgende Beziehungen erhalten: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [{\rm \eta ]}\quad \quad {\rm\ \; = 2,08} \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 2}}\ \ \;{\rm }\overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.65}} \\ ({\rm \bar \rho}_{\rm g}^{\rm 2})^{1/2}\;= 2,22 \cdot 10^{-17}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 1.00}} \\ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} \quad \quad \ = 1,98 \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm -15}}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.42}} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} Die Bedeutung der Exponenten in diesen Beziehungen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Viscosity, sedimentation and light-scattering measurements have been carried out on amylose tricarbanilate fractions in a pyridine/water theta-mixture. In the molecular weight range 0.5 · 106 〈 M̄w 〈 2.5 · 106, the following relations were found. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [{\rm \eta ]}\quad \quad {\rm \; = 2.08} \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 2}}\ \ \;{\rm }\overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0,65}} \\ ({\rm \bar \rho }_{\rm g}^{\rm 2})^{1/2}\;= 2.22 \cdot 10^{-17}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 1.00}} \\ {\rm S}_{\rm 0} \quad \quad \ = 1.98 \cdot {\rm 10}^{{\rm -15}}\ \overline {\rm M}_{\rm w}^{{\rm 0.42}} \\ \end{array}$$\end{document} The significance of the exponents in these relations is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1970.021400108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hydrodynamic behaviour of amylose tricarbanilate in dilute solutionThis is Part 55 in the Series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches”, Part 54, previous paper.. IV. A comparison of experimental and calculated coil dimensions for amylose tricarbanilate in a pyridine/water theta-solvent (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 140 (1970), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde eine Analyse der hydrodynamischen Daten für Amylosetricarbanilatfraktionen in einem thermodynamisch idealen Lösungsmittel (Pyridin/Wasser) durchgeführt. Verschiedene Theorien für den Effekt einer teilweise freien Durchspülung wurden untersucht. Nach den BRINKMAN-DEBYE-BUECHE-, KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN-, KUHN-KUHN-SIL-BERBERG- und PETERLIN-Verfahren wurden die Knäueldimensionen berechnet. Diese theoretischen Ansätze wurden mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die experimentellen Viskositäts- und Sedimentationsmessungen nur mit der KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG-Theorie gut übereinstimmen.
    Notes: Hydrodynamic measurements on amylose tricarbanilate fractions in a pyridine/water theta-mixture have been used to provide a test of theoretical treatments of limiting viscosity number and frictional coefficient which have been developed on the basis of the partial free-draining model. Coil dimensions have been calculated using the theories of BRINKMAN-DEBYE-BUECHE, KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN, KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG, and of PETERLIN, and these have been compared with the experimental values. Only the treatment of KUHN-KUHN-SILBERBERG gives reasonable agreement between the experimental parameters and those calculated from both viscosity and sedimentation data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1970.021400109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on some possible errors in osmometry (1954)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 14 (1954), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1954.120147810
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sedimentation behavior of the components of potato starch in dilute alkaliThis is Part IV in the series “Physicochemical Studies on Starches.” (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 25 (1957), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202510920
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