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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral palsy and clinical negligence litigation: a cohort study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To compare the prevalence of criteria suggesting acute intrapartum hypoxia in children with cerebral palsy who have and have not been the subjects of clinical negligence legal claims.Design Nested cohort study within a geographically defined cohort.Setting The former Oxfordshire Health Authority.Population Singleton children with cerebral palsy born between 1984 and 1993, excluding cases with a recognised postnatal cause for cerebral palsy.Methods Retrospective review of medical records by blinded observer.Main outcome measures Three ‘essential’ criteria defined by the International Cerebral Palsy Task Force which identify acute intrapartum hypoxia.Results One-fifth (27/138) of all singleton cerebral palsy children were the subject of a legal claim. The presence of all three criteria was significantly more likely to lead to a legal claim (P 〈 0.01), but in 74% (20/27) of claims, all three were not fulfilled and 36% (4/11) of those satisfying all three criteria did not claim. At least one of the three criteria was met in 82% (91/111) of the cases where there was no claim. Data on fetal or neonatal arterial blood gases were available in only 57% (78/138). Of the 27 claims, 12 were discontinued, 8 were settled and in 7 the legal process is still pending. The presence of the three essential criteria for acute intrapartum hypoxia did not increase the likelihood of a legal claim being settled.Conclusion The prevalence of the ‘template essential’ criteria is high in all cases of cerebral palsy. Although the presence of all three essential criteria was more likely in the claims group, this did not appear to influence the outcome of a claim. It remains to be seen whether the existence of the template leads to change in the pattern of decisions made by the courts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.02095.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meconium and fetal hypoxia : some experimental observations and clinical relevance (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.03001.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fever in labour and neonatal encephalopathy: a prospective cohort study (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 108 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine whether the reported association of maternal fever with neonatal encephalopathy is independent of other associated intrapartum risk factors.Design Prospective cohort study.Setting Dublin teaching hospital delivery ward.Population 4915 low risk women in labour at 36-41 weeks of gestation.Methods Using logistic regression with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, the incidence of neonatal encephalopathy and other neonatal outcomes of women who had an intrapartum fever 〉37.5° C was compared with those who did not.Results The cohort comprised 33% of all deliveries during the study period. Neonatal encephalopathy was diagnosed in 3.25/1000 births. The incidence of intrapartum fever was 6.8%. Maternal fever was strongly associated with neonatal encephalopathy (crude OR 10.8, 95% CI 4.0-29.3). Univariate analysis showed maternal fever was associated with epidural analgesia, nulliparity, induction, longer labour, oxytocin administration, greater fetal birthweight and gestational age and instrumental vaginal delivery, but not with prolonged (〉24hours) prelabour rupture of the membranes. The association of fever with neonatal encephalopathy persisted having adjusting for these covariates (adjusted OR 4.72, 95% CI 1.28-17.4).Conclusions The relationship between maternal intrapartum fever and neonatal encephalopathy is independent of other known intrapartum risk factors. This provides further evidence for the role of inflammatory processes in the aetiology of neonatal neurological morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00145.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualizing differences in ligand-induced β-arrestin–GFP interactions and trafficking between three recently characterized G protein-coupled receptors (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: β-Arrestin 1-GFP or β-arrestin 2-GFP were coexpressed transiently with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 within cells stably expressing the orexin-1, apelin or melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), receptors. In response to agonist ligands both the orexin-1 and apelin receptors were able to rapidly translocate both β-arrestin 1-GFP and β-arrestin 2-GFP from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. For the MCH receptor this was only observed for β-arrestin 2-GFP. β-Arrestin 1-GFP translocated by the apelin receptor remained at the plasma membrane during prolonged exposure to ligand even though the receptor became internalized. By contrast, for the orexin-1 receptor, internalization of β-arrestin 1-GFP within punctate vesicles could be observed for over 60 min in the continued presence of agonist. Co-internalization of the orexin-1 receptor was observed by monitoring the binding and trafficking of TAMRA-(5- and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine) labelled orexin-A. Subsequent addition of an orexin-1 receptor antagonist resulted in cessation of incorporation of β-arrestin 1-GFP into vesicles at the plasma membrane and a gradual clearance of β-arrestin 1-GFP from intracellular vesicles. For the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor the bulk of translocated β-arrestin 2-GFP was maintained at concentrated foci close to, or at, the plasma membrane. These results demonstrate very distinct features of β-arrestin–GFP interactions and trafficking for three G protein-coupled receptors for which the natural ligands have only recently been identified and which were thus previously considered as orphan receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00269.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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