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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syphilis serology among transvestite prostitutes attending an HIV unit in Rome, Italy (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 683-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: HIV infection ; Syphilis ; Transvestites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-seven transvestite prostitutes from Latin America (49 from Brazil and 18 from Colombia) who attended an HIV unit located in the inner city of Rome between January 1991 and June 1992 were studied for syphilis markers by means of both theTreponema pallidum haemoagglutination test (TPHA) and a solid phase haemadsorption test for detection of specific IgM (SPHA-IgM) which are typically present in recent infections. All participants reported more than 500 sexual partners in the past year, and 67.1% of them more than 1500 partners (between 5 and 10 partners per working day). The overall prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in this population was 65.7%. The prevalence of positive TPHA tests in the population studied was 73.1%, while that of positive SPHA-IgM tests was 10.4%. The prevalence of positive TPHA and SPHA-IgM tests was higher among Colombians than among Brazilians (83.3% vs 69.4% and 22.2% vs 6.1%, respectively) and also showed a positive correlation with the duration of their permanence in Italy. The TPHA and SPHA-IgM positivities were significantly higher among subjects older than 29 years. Positive TPHA was also significantly higher in subjects who reported a history of heroin and/or cocaine abuse while positive SPHA-IgM was higher in subjects who did not use condoms or reported irregular use of them than in subjects who regularly used condoms. No overall correlation was evident between TPHA positivity and anti-HIV positivity, while SPHA-IgM positivity was found to be higher among anti-HIV-negative subjects. The population studied, therefore, apparently represents a relevant source for syphilis (in addition to HIV) transmission, due to the high number of sexual partners and to the overall irregular use of condoms, and it is likely that similar populations can largely contribute the maintenance of syphilis in industrialized countries. Fluorescent anti-treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were also performed on all serum samples. Results of FTA-ABS were fully consistent with those of TPHA, while a lower degree of concordance was observed between RPR and TPHA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719281
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and characterization of DNA from human intestinal spirochetes (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Human intestinal spirochetes ; DNA cloning ; Non-radioactive probe ; Restriction site polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HindIII cleaved human intestinal spirochete genomic DNA was cloned into the plasmid vector pBluescript. The inserts from three of these clones (pRB.C33, pRB.C47 and pRB.F1I) successfully hybridized with DNA from the nine human intestinal spirochetes used in this study. The fourth insert (from clone pRB.A8) failed to hybridize with DNA from two of these isolates (HRM4 and HRM9), and, all four of the inserts hybridized with the Ml strain of swine intestinal spirochete Treponema innocens. Hybridization with DNA from the P18 strain of Treponema hyodysenteriae was observed only for the probe pRB.FII. No hybridization was detected with the human strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. With these probes we were thus able to demonstrate, in southern blot experiments, a restriction site polymorphism among the isolates of the human intestinal spirochetes we tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144800
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lyme disease in Italy: Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from a patient (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 506-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Lyme disease ; Borrelia burgdorferi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. Significant titers of specific anti-Borrelia antibodies were not found. This is the first report of isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146408
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Human intestinal spirochetes ; Swine intestinal treponemes ; T. hyodysenteriae ; T. innocens ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. Negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. The isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.12–0.35 μm in width and from 3.9–14.2 μm in length. Twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. The majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. Human intestinal spirochetes divide by binary fission. They are morphologically similar to swine intestinal treponemes, both pathogenic (Treponema hyodysenteriae) and non pathogenic (Treponema innocens), and different from Treponema pallidum, Treponema phagedenis and Borrelia burgdorferi. Following treatment with sodium deoxycolate, no bundles of cytoplasmic microtubules were observed in cells obtained from cultures of human and swine intestinal spirochetes or from cells of B. burgdorferi, while these structures were present in similarly treated cells of T. pallidum and T. phagedenis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239758
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Western immunoblotting technique in the serological diagnosis of human syphilitic infections (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 22-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Serodiagnosis of syphilis ; T. pallidum antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purified human syphilitic antibodies against both 15.5 Kd and 45 Kd treponemel antigens appear T. pallidum specific and do not cross react with antigens possessed by other treponemes (T. phagedenis, T. hyodysenteriae and a human intestinal treponeme). By using Western immunoblotting technique, 107 out of 110 syphilitic patients and 291 out of 294 subjects with serologically positive diagnostic tests for syphilis were found to have in their sera antibodies against a 15.5 Kd specific antigen of T. pallidum. These antibodies were present in 100% of the patient with secondary or early latent syphilis, both untreated and treated, in 98.24% of those with late latent treated syphilis and in 100% of patients with neurosyphilis. On the contrary, they were absent in 47 patients with false positive reactions for syphilis and in 121 healthy blood donors. For these reasons, the demonstration of these kind of antibodies in a patient's serum can be considered of high value in differentiating syphilitic patients from non infected individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145040
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey on the prevalence of leptospira infections in the Italian population (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Leptospira serovar-specific antibodies ; Leptospira serovars ; Leptospirosis survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation is the first nationwide survey on the circulation of leptospira infections in human beings in Italy. In nine out of twenty Italian regions, representative samples of the population were investigated for the presence of leptospira infections. Unexpectedly, leptospira infections were found to be widespread, the number of cases being much higher than the diagnosed clinical cases. There were found to be high, medium, and low risk areas. On the whole, the risk for the rural population was no higher than the risk for urban dwellers; leisure activities, contact with animals and residence on the plain versus residence in the hills were important risk factors. There was an unidentified risk factor in urbanites which was absent in the rural population. A changing pattern in infecting serovars was observed, with infections from serogroups Sejroe, Javanica and Australis prevailing over infections from the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Bataviae serogroups, which were the main agents of human leptospirosis during the 1950s. The mechanisms of these changes, the need for epidemiological surveys and improved diagnostic methods of screening are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730367
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