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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacology of Sodium-Dependent High-Affinity l-[3H]Glutamate Transport in Glial Cultures (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Pharmacological and molecular biological studies provide evidence for subtypes of sodium-dependent high-affinity glutamate (Glu) transport in the mammalian CNS. At least some of these transporters appear to be selectively expressed in different brain regions or by different cell types. In the present study, the properties of l-[3H]Glu transport were characterized using astrocyte-enriched cultures prepared from cerebellum and cortex. In both brain regions, the kinetic data for sodium-dependent transport were consistent with a single site with Km values of 91 ± 17 µM in cortical glial cells and 66 ± 23 µM in cerebellar glial cells. The capacities were 6.1 ± 1.6 nmol/mg of protein/min in cortical glial cells and 8.4 ± 0.9 nmol/mg of protein/min in cerebellar glial cells. The potencies of ∼40 excitatory amino acid analogues for inhibition of sodium-dependent transport into glial cells prepared from cortex and cerebellum were examined, including compounds that are selective inhibitors of transport in synaptosomes prepared from either cerebellum or cortex. Of the analogues tested, 14 inhibited transport activity by 〉50% at 1 mM concentrations. Unlike l-[3H]Glu transport in synaptosomes prepared from cerebellum or cortex, there were no large differences between the potencies of compounds for inhibition of transport measured in glial cells prepared from these two brain regions. With the exception of (2S,1′R,2′R)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine and l-α-aminoadipate, all of the compounds examined were ∼10–200-fold less potent as inhibitors of l-[3H]Glu transport measured in glial cells than as inhibitors of transport measured in synaptosomes prepared from their respective brain regions. The pharmacology of transport measured in these glial cells differs from the reported pharmacology of the cloned Glu transporters, suggesting the existence of additional uncloned Glu transporters or Glu transporter subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062572.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of Tritiated Galactose into Galactocerebroside by Cultured Rat Oligodendrocytes: Effects of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Analogues (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cells dissociated from the forebrains of 21-day-old rats were enriched in oligodendroglia by Percoll gradient centrifugation, seeded on polylysine-coated surfaces, and cultured in a serum-containing medium. Incorporation by the cultures of tritium from d-[3H]galactose into the galactosyl residue of galactocerebroside (galC) increased in an almost linear fashion for 48 h with 1–8 μCi of d-[3H]galactose (30 mCi/μmol) per milliliter medium. Treatment for 2 days (day 1–3 after seeding) with 10−4M or 10−3M dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) or 10−4M 8-bromo cyclic AMP stimulated galC radiolabelling. Incorporation of d-[3H]galactose into galC during a terminal 48-h radiolabelling period was not stimulated when the cells were continuously treated with these cyclic AMP analogues for 8 rather than 2 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12963.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) Receptors Mediate Excitotoxicity in the Oligodendroglial Lineage (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We demonstrate by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting that an immortalized rat oligodendroglial cell line (CG-4) expresses the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor (GluR) genes GluR2–7, KA-1, and KA-2 and that nonimmortalized cells of the rat oligodendroglial lineage express the GluR1–3, GluR5–7, KA-1, and KA-2 genes. Lactic dehydrogenase release assays show that both immortalized and nonimmortalized cells of the oligodendroglial lineage are damaged by a 24-h exposure to 500 µM kainate or 5 mMl-glutamate, but not by a 24-h exposure to up to 10 mMα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA). Damage is prevented by the non-NMDA GluR channel inhibitor 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and is also averted if Ca2+ is removed from the culture medium. Cyclothiazide, which blocks desensitization of AMPA-preferring GluRs, increases cytotoxicity of kainate as well as inducing toxicity of AMPA. We conclude that cells of the oligodendroglial lineage express a population of AMPA-preferring and possibly also kainate-preferring GluR channels that are capable of mediating Ca2+-dependent excitotoxicity and that AMPA-induced cytotoxicity is blocked by desensitization of AMPA-preferring GluRs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062442.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligodendroglia Express PDGF β-Receptor Protein and Are Stimulated to Proliferate by PDGF (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 605 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42382.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AMPA glutamate receptor-mediated calcium signaling is transiently enhanced during development of oligodendrocytes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells of the oligodendroglial lineage express Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate-preferring glutamate receptors (AMPA-GluR) during development. Prolonged activation of their AMPA-GluR causes Ca2+ overload, resulting in excitotoxic death. Prior studies have shown that oligodendroglial progenitors and immature oligodendrocytes are susceptible to excitotoxicity, whereas mature oligodendrocytes are resistant. An unresolved issue has been why Ca2+-permeability of AMPA-GluR varies so markedly with oligodendroglial development, although the level of expression of edited GluR2, an AMPA-GluR subunit which blocks Ca2+ entry, is relatively constant. To address this question, we performed Ca2+ imaging, molecular and electrophysiological analyses using purified cultures of the rat oligodendroglial lineage. We demonstrate that transient up-regulation of expression of GluR3 and GluR4 subunits in oligodendroglial progenitors and immature oligodendrocytes results in the assembly by these cells, but not by oligodendroglial pre-progenitors or mature oligodendrocytes, of a population of AMPA-GluR which lack GluR2. This stage-specific up-regulation of edited GluR2-free, and hence Ca2+-permeable, AMPA-GluR explains the selective susceptibility to excitotoxicity of cells at these stages of oligodendroglial differentiation, and is likely to be important to these cells in the trans-synaptic Ca2+-signaling from glutamatergic neurons, which occurs in hippocampus in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00866.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bovine endothelial cells transformed in vitro by benzo(a)pyrene (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 328-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cloned strain of bovine vascular endothelial cells with a finite in vitro lifespan was treated with benzo(a)pyrene (BP) after approximately 75% of its lifespan was completed. Untreated cultures of this strain senesced upon serial subcultivation and contained large, nondividing cells. In three out of seven trials, BP treatment produced transformed cells appeared in the cultures concomitant with the senescence of the parent cells. All transformed cell lines examined exhibited indefinite lifespans and altered karyotypes. Two of the lines retained most of the characteristics of normal endothelial cells, except that one became aneuploid and the other polyploid, Neither of these lines formed tumors when inoculated into nude mice. The remaining two lines retained mostly diploid kayotypes, but a high percentage of cells contained Robertsonian translocations. In one line cell volume was markedly reduced. In addition, these lines grew in multilayers, were anchorage independent, and proliferated in medium containing 0.5% serum. When 107 cells of these lines were injected into nude mice, tumors appeared within 1 week and were identified as malignant hemangioendotheliomas of bovine origin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041140312
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