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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic analysis of Tm3+:NaLa(MoO4)2 (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4269-4274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Absorption spectra of trivalent thulium (Tm3+, 4f12) doped double molybdate NaLa(MoO4)2 (NLM) are reported between 370 and 2000 nm at approximately 16 K. Laser-excited fluorescence spectra obtained at 4.2 K from multiplet manifolds 1G4 and 3H4 to manifolds 3F4 and the ground state 3H6 are also reported. The observed spectra are broad in this disordered host as compared with the spectra observed for Tm3+:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet). The observed crystal field splitting of the multiplet manifolds in Tm3+:NLM is in reasonable agreement with the calculated splitting based on smoothed crystal field parameters obtained from an analysis of Nd3+:NLM and Er3+:NLM. The smaller crystal field splitting in Tm3+:NLM as compared with Tm3+:YAG may discourage cross-relaxation from the 3H4 to the 3F4 manifold in this host. This in turn may favor laser operation on the 3H4→3F4 transitions over the 3F4→3H6 transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352215
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the optical spectra of trivalent holmium in yttrium scandium gallium garnet (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5253-5264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The absorption spectrum of Ho3+ ions in yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Ho3+:YSGG) is reported at 4 K between 1.93 and 0.28 μm. Laser excitation spectra and laser-excited fluorescence spectra from Ho3+(4f10)2S+1LJ multiplet manifolds 5F4, 5S2, and 5F3 to the ground-state manifold 5I8 were obtained at 4, 8, and 70 K. Unresolved emission is observed from Ho3+ ions in slightly disturbed cation (Y3+) sites along with emission coming from Ho3+ ions occupying the regular cation (Y3+) sites having D2 symmetry. Temperature-dependent transitions (hot bands) observed in absorption at 8 and 70 K establish experimental crystal-field split (Stark) levels in 24 excited manifolds and the seven lowest energy Stark levels in 5I8 (Z1=0, Z2=6, Z3=17, Z4=29, Z5=87, Z6=95, and Z7=102, all in cm−1). An algorithm is used to establish D2 symmetry labels Γ1, Γ2, Γ3, or Γ4 of individual experimental Stark levels. These levels are compared with results obtained from a calculation in which a parameterized Hamiltonian was diagonalized within the 50 lowest multiplet manifolds of Ho3+(4f10). Comparison between 157 experimental Stark levels and the corresponding predicted levels out of a total of 486 calculated levels yields a root-mean-square deviation of 5 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multisite optical spectra and energy levels of trivalent thulium ions in yttrium scandium gallium garnet (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2821-2829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Intrinsic structural disorder in scandium-substituted garnets, attributed to mixed occupancy of certain sites in the crystal lattice by different cations, has direct consequences for the optical spectra of rare-earth activator ions dispersed over multiple sites. In trivalent thulium-doped yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Tm3+:YSGG), site-selective laser excitation spectra reveal the presence of Tm3+ ions in regular D2 sites, disturbed regular sites, and in octahedral C3i sites. Absorption spectra obtained at 4 K between 0.26 and 1.85 μm are broader than those observed in more-ordered crystal hosts and include structure attributed to Tm3+ ions in sites of other than D2 symmetry. A crystal-field splitting calculation was carried out in which a parametrized Hamiltonian (including Coulombic, spin-orbit, and crystal-field terms for Tm3+ ions in D2 symmetry) was diagonalized for all manifolds of the Tm3+ (4f12) configuration. The rms deviation between 52 experimental and calculated Stark levels of Tm3+ in regular D2 sites was 5 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354633
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission measurements and crystal-field calculations for 4G5/2 to 6H7/2 transitions in Sm3+:YAG (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 948-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A previously published analysis of the energy levels of Sm3+ in Y3Al5O12 (YAG) has been extended to include the 4G5/2 multiplet. New absorption and emission data are reported, and some previously reported levels have been reassigned. A theoretical calculation of intensities of emitted radiation originating at the 4G5/2 multiplet predicts that radiation emitted in transitions to the 6H7/2 multiplet is particularly strong. The strongest transitions originate at the lowest of the three levels in the 4G5/2 multiplet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy levels and upconversion fluorescence in trivalent thulium-doped yttrium scandium aluminum garnet (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1929-1935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Absorption spectra of Tm3+ ions in yttrium scandium aluminum garnet are reported between 1.9 and 0.25 μm at 4 K. Laser-excited fluorescence was observed at 4 K from Tm3+(4f12) multiplet manifolds 1D2, 1G4, 3F2, and 3H4 to the ground-state manifold 3H6. Emission from 1D2 and 1G4 also includes transitions to Stark levels in manifolds 3F4 and 3H5. Upconversion excited fluorescence was observed between 1D2 and 3F4 at 10 K. Analysis of the fluorescence emission confirms assignments given to individual Stark levels based on an analysis of the absorption spectra. A crystal-field splitting calculation was carried out in which a parameterized Hamiltonian (including Coulombic, spin-orbit, and crystal-field terms in D2 symmetry) was diagonalized for all multiplets of the Tm3+(4f12) configuration. The rms deviation between 42 experimental and calculated Stark levels was 8 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354080
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy levels and crystal quantum states of trivalent holmium in yttrium aluminum garnet (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 8183-8204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Absorption spectra of Ho3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho3+:YAG) are reported between 2.16 and 0.23 μm at various temperatures between 4 K and room temperature. Laser-excited excitation spectra and emission spectra from the 5F4 and 5S2 multiplet manifolds to the ground state manifold 5I8 were obtained at 4, 20, and 55 K. The majority of Ho3+ ions substitute for Y3+ ions in sites of D2 point-group symmetry in the lattice. Over 1000 temperature-dependent transitions (hot bands) establish 280 experimental Stark levels of the 4 f 10(2S+1LJ) multiplet manifolds. Symmetry labels Γ1, Γ2, Γ3, or Γ4, appropriate to D2 symmetry, have been assigned to Stark levels up to 43 000 cm−1. Experimental levels are compared with results obtained from a theoretical calculation. The model Hamiltonian includes Coulombic, spin-orbit, and interconfiguration interaction terms for the 4 f 10 atomic configuration of Ho3+ and crystal-field terms in D2 symmetry. The Hamiltonian was diagonalized within the 50 lowest 2S+1LJ manifolds in a LSJMJ basis set that includes 486 calculated levels. Comparison between 151 experimental Stark levels and the corresponding levels of the lowest 199 calculated levels yields an rms deviation of 4.3 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347422
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophysical properties of the lanthanide sesquisulfides. II. Schottky contributions and magnetic and electronic properties of γ-phase Pr2S3, Tb2S3, and Dy2S3 (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 1964-1972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heat-capacity measurements by adiabatic equilibrium calorimetry are reported for γ-phase Pr2S3, Tb2S3, and Dy2S3 between 5 and 350 K. Highly purified samples were prepared and their composition verified by chemical analysis. Precision lattice parameters were determined for each compound and are compared with literature values. The total heat capacity has been resolved into lattice, magnetic, and Schottky components by a volumetric approach. The experimental Schottky contributions accord with the calculated curves based on the crystal-field splitting of the 2S+1LJ ground state of the lanthanide ions occupying sites of S4 symmetry in the Th3P4 lattice. The individual crystal-field electronic energy levels have been obtained in part from an analysis of the hot-band data observed in the absorption spectra of Pr2S3, Tb2S3, and Dy2S3, and from a calculated splitting in which the crystal-field parameters Bkm, were determined from a lattice-sum calculation. Molar thermodynamic properties are reported for all three compounds. The entropy at 298.15 K {S0−S0 (7 K)}, is 22.78R, 22.93R, and 23.36R, for γ-phase Pr2S3, Tb2S3, and Dy2S3, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460993
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophysical properties of the lanthanide sesquisulfides. III. Determination of Schottky and lattice heat-capacity contributions of γ-phase Sm2S3 and evaluation of the thermophysical properties of the γ-phase Ln2S3 subset (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 6149-6156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the experimental heat capacity of γ-phase Sm2S3 and derived thermophysical properties at selected temperatures. The entropy, enthalpy increments, and Gibbs energy function are 21.50R, 3063R⋅K, and 11.23R at 298.15 K. The experimental heat capacity is made up of lattice and electronic (Schottky) contributions. The lattice contribution is determined for all γ-phase lanthanide sesquisulfides (Ln2S3 ) using the Komada/Westrum model. The difference between the experimental heat capacity and the deduced lattice heat capacity is analyzed as the Schottky contribution. Comparisons are made between the calorimetric Schottky contributions and those determined based on crystal-field electronic energy levels of Ln3+ ions in the lattice and between the Schottky contributions obtained from the empirical volumetric priority approach and from the Komada/Westrum theoretical approach. Predictions for the thermophysical properties of γ-phase Eu2S3 and γ-phase Pm2S3 (unavailable for experimental determination) are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462857
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal-field splitting of Pr3+ (4f 2) energy levels in GaN (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7973-7976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have calculated the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Pr3+ in GaN and have compared these results to an analysis reported recently of the photoluminescence and the cathodoluminescence spectra of Pr3+ implanted in GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. The lattice location of Pr in GaN determined recently by the emission channeling technique, provides direct evidence that substitutional Ga sites are thermally stable lattice positions for Pr. The lattice-sum calculations with Pr occupying Ga sites include effective ionic charges, multipole polarizabilities, and structural information also available in the literature. From the calculations, we conclude that the majority of the reported emission spectra is associated with Pr3+ ions in a common site with transitions from excited 3P0 and 3P1 states to crystal-field split multiplets, 3H4 (the ground state), 3FJ, and 1G4. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1372158
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic properties of nonlinear NdSc3(BO3)4 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7159-7163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: NdSc3(BO3)4 (NdSB) can be grown as a nonlinear optical crystal having hexagonal (huntite) structure. The crystal has important spectroscopic properties suitable for various applications in photonics. The observed crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Nd3+(4f3) has been identified based on analyses of the fluorescence, absorption, and excitation spectra obtained at 13, 80, and 300 K. A detailed crystal-field splitting calculation in which initial crystal-field parameters Bnm are established from lattice–sum calculations gives good agreement to the observed splitting. Experimental branching ratios and fluorescence lifetimes are reported and are compared with calculated values. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in NdSB are also compared with values obtained for Nd3+ as a dopant in the nonlinear crystal YAl3(BO3)4. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372963
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