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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alternative activation of macrophages, induced by Th2 cytokines and glucocorticoids, is essential for the proper functioning of anti-inflammatory immune reactions. To this end, alternatively activated macrophages (aaMΦ) express a not yet fully unravelled set of genes including cytokines such as alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine (AMAC)-1 and pattern recognition molecules such as the scavenger receptor CD163. In order to further characterize the molecular repertoire of aaMΦ, differential gene expression was analyzed by combining subtractive suppression cloning and differential hybridization. We show here that aaMΦ induced by interleukin (IL)-4 overexpress the prototype extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin on the mRNA and protein level. This overall increase is accompanied by a shift in fibronectin splice variants from an embryonic to a mature pattern. In addition, the expression of another ECM protein, βIG-H3, is also upregulated by IL-4 in aaMΦ. In contrast to IL-4 and in line with its inhibitory effect on wound healing, dexamethasone exerts a strongly suppressive effect on fibronectin and βIG-H3 expression. In conclusion, overexpression of ECM proteins induced by IL-4 in macrophages suggests that aaMΦ may be involved in ECM deposition and tissue remodelling during the healing phase of acute inflammatory reactions and in chronic inflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Dermatological surgery is a relatively new and expanding subspecialty within dermatology. Little information is available about complications in this kind of surgery in the European setting.Objectives  The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of anaesthetic, haemorrhagic and infectious complications in dermatological surgery and to highlight the factors associated with these complications.Methods  Data were collected prospectively over a 3-month period for all surgical procedures performed by a network of dermatologists (n = 84 dermatologists) in France, including the excision of all benign or malignant tumours but excluding sebaceous cysts and pyodermas. Information was collected regarding dermatologists, patients, procedures and complications.Results  A total of 3788 surgical procedures were available for review; 236 complications, mostly minor, occurred in a total of 213 surgical procedures (6%), bleeding being the most common (3%). Vaso-vagal syncope was the main anaesthetic complication (51 of 54). Infectious complications occurred in 79 patients (2%). Superficial suppuration accounted for 92% of surgical site infections. Only one patient had a systemic infection. Complications requiring additional antibiotic treatment or repeat surgery accounted for only 22 cases of 3788 (1%). No statistically significant correlation was found with the characteristics of the dermatologists, especially with respect to their training or amount of surgical experience. Similarly, no link could be established between complications and surgical conditions. Multivariate analysis showed that anaesthetic or haemorrhagic complications were independent factors for infectious complications. Sex, administration of an anticoagulant or immunosuppressant, type of procedure performed and duration exceeding 24 min were independent factors for haemorrhagic complications.Conclusions  This study shows a low rate of complications associated with dermatological surgery performed by dermatologists under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0033-7560
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 38 (1983), S. 1457-1464 
    ISSN: 0584-8547
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 50 (1970), S. 499-504 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: GABAergic neurotransmission ; intermale aggression ; olfaction ; opponent effect ; steroids ; testosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A model to explain individual differences in mice for the propensity to attack male conspecifics is proposed. In the first part of the paper, the relation between olfaction and intermale aggression is discussed emphasizing the importance of olfactory cues provided by the opponnnt and their subsequent processing by the attacking male. The physiological role of GABA in the olfactory pathway is presented in the second part of the paper. The third part investigates the possible modulating action of steroids on the GABA-A receptor complex, intermale aggression, and olfaction. We hypothesize that at least part of the individual differences in the propensity to attack may be explained by a differential olfactory recognition and discrimination of the opponent as a stranger through a differential processing threshold of the olfactory cues provided by the urine of the opponent. A possible modulation of this threshold by steroids, especially testosterone, is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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