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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The evolutionary relationship between telencephalic regions of the avian and mammalian brains has been a long-standing issue in comparative neuroanatomy. Based on various criteria, a number of homologous regions have been proposed. Recent studies in mammals have shown that basal regions of the telencephalon give rise to neurons that migrate dorsally and populate the cerebral cortex. In the present study we demonstrate that, similar to mammals, neurons from a ventricular region of the palaeo-striatal complex – the dorsal subpallial sulcus – of the chick telencephalon migrate dorsally to populate the developing pallium. Further characterization of these cells revealed that they express the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, but not the calcium-binding protein calbindin. These findings provide evidence that the mouse and chick basal regions are not only homologous in terms of gene expression patterns and connectivity, but they both also contribute inhibitory interneurons to dorsal regions of the developing telencephalon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Prostate ; Prostatic capsule ; Prostatic tumours ; Seminal vesicles ; Periprostatic connective tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La constitution de la capsule prostatique représente un sujet d'intérêt clinique, car elle est considérée comme une barrière contre la dissémination des tumeurs prostatiques. La surveillance clinique démontre que des tumeurs apparemment intra-capsulaires (notamment dans la région postéro-supérieure de l'organe) sont fréquemment sousclassées lors du diagnostic clinique, La morphologie de la capsule prostatique a été étudiée sur six cadavres. Dans tous les cas, la prostate a été prélevée en bloc avec la portion basale de la vessie, les vésicules séminales, la paroi antérieure du rectum, et le tissu de conjonctif péri-prostatique. Une partie du matériel a été plastinée, tandis qu'une autre partie a été examinée à l'aide des méthodes histologiques courantes et par immunohistochimie. La prostate était entourée d'un tissu conjonctif contenant d'abondantes cellules musculaires lisses, en continuité avec les septa qui divisent le parenchyme glandulaire. Une importante présence vasculaire a été identifiée. Dans certaines régions, et notamment dans la région postéro-supérieure, une véritable capsule n'a pas pu être identifiée. Le tissu connectif semblait constituer une atmosphère commune à la prostate et aux organes de proximité. Plus précisément, l'absence de barrière conjonctive entre la prostate et les vésicules séminales a été mise en évidence. Dès lors, du fait de l'absence de barrière capsulaire et de l'abondance du dispositif vasculaire, une tumeur prostatique située dans la région postérieure devrait être considérée comme étant précocément extra-capsulaire.
    Notes: Summary The composition of the prostatic capsule is important from a clinical point of view, since it is considered to be a barrier against the spread of prostatic tumours. Clinical follow-up demonstrates that apparently intracapsular tumours, particularly in the posterosuperior region of the gland, are frequently understaged at clinical diagnosis. The morphology of the prostatic capsule was studied in 6 cadavers. In each case the prostate was obtained in one block together with the basal portion of the bladder, the seminal vesicles, the anterior wall of the rectum and the periprostatic connective tissue. Part of the material was plastinated, while the remainder was studied using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The prostate was found to be surrounded by connective tissue abundant with smooth muscle cells, and continuous with the stromal septa which subdivide the glandular tissue. A rich network of blood vessels was identifiable. In some regions, particularly in the posterosuperior region, a real capsule was not identifiable. The connective tissue seemed to constitute a continuum between the prostate gland and neighbouring organs, in particular, a connective tissue barrier between the prostate and the seminal vesicles was completely absent. Therefore, due to the absence of a capsular barrier and to the presence of a rich vascular network, a prostatic tumour which begins in the posterior region of the gland should be considered as potentially extracapsular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0162-0134
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Prostate ; Prostatic capsule ; Prostatic tumours ; Seminal vesicles ; Periprostatic connective tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the prostatic capsule is important from a clinical point of view, since it is considered to be a barrier against the spread of prostatic tumours. Clinical follow-up demonstrates that apparently intracapsular tumours, particularly in the posterosuperior region of the gland, are frequently understaged at clinical diagnosis. The morphology of the prostatic capsule was studied in 6 cadavers. In each case the prostate was obtained in one block together with the basal portion of the bladder, the seminal vesicles, the anterior wall of the rectum and the periprostatic connective tissue. Part of the material was plastinated, while the remainder was studied using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The prostate was found to be surrounded by connective tissue abundant with smooth muscle cells, and continuous with the stromal septa which subdivide the glandular tissue. A rich network of blood vessels was identifiable. In some regions, particularly in the posterosuperior region, a real capsule was not identifiable. The connective tissue seemed to constitute a continuum between the prostate gland and neighbouring organs, in particular, a connective tissue barrier between the prostate and the seminal vesicles was completely absent. Therefore, due to the absence of a capsular barrier and to the presence of a rich vascular network, a prostatic tumour which begins in the posterior region of the gland should be considered as potentially extracapsular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nose ; Endothelin ; Respiratory epithelium ; Metaplastic epithelium ; Nasal blood flow ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The presence and site of production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was investigated in biopsies obtained from the nasal mucosa of 10 healthy human subjects and 10 patients affected by chronic rhinitis. The presence and localization of receptors for ET-1 was also investigated. Bioptic fragments were examined by scanning electron microscopy. ET-1 was present in the vessels and in the respiratory epithelium of normal subjects, whereas in patients affected by epithelial metaplasia induced by chronic rhinitis, it was absent in the metaplastic epithelium and present in the endothelium and vascular wall. Receptors for ET (A- and B-receptor subtypes) were localized in the vessels of the nasal mucosa, both in normal and in pathological subjects. In particular, A-receptors were identified in the vascular wall, whereas B-receptors were mainly distributed in the endothelium. We suggest that ET-1 is involved in the homeostasis of nasal blood flow (shunting the blood toward the deep cavernous plexus and inducing mucosal swelling) by an autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism. Normal epithelium seems to be important in this mechanism, since it is able to produce ET. However, when pathologic conditions induce squamous or cuboidal metaplasia, the epithelium is no longer able to play this role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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