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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DEFENSE OF SHALLOW LISTENING (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Bioethics 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8519
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00465.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generous Funding for Interventive Aging Research Now? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This article examines Aubrey de Grey's case for allocating substantial funding to interventive biogerontological research immediately. The conclusion is that the case is inconclusive and that scientific analyses of costs and probabilities would be needed to defend it properly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art13
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obedience to Rules and Berkeley's Theological Utilitarianism (1994)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Utilitas 6 (1994), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0953-8208
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: According to what one might call ‘indirect” forms of utilitarian thinking, the proper end of all human action is the greatest happiness of the greatest number of individuals, but due to the fallibility of moral agents this end cannot, and must not, be directly pursued. Instead, according to at least one version of the indirect theory, moral agents have a duty to act in conformity with a set of general rules which, in their turn, have been designed to promote the greatest happiness of humankind. But acts which conform to such general rules can under exceptional circumstances occasion more suffering than happiness. This is clearly problematical to indirect utilitarians. If they follow the rules regardless of the evil consequences, it can be argued that they have abandoned the basic principles of utilitarianism. If, on the other hand, they refuse to follow the rules which normally promote the general good, their view can be seen to collapse into the direct form of the creed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953820800001618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philosophical Arguments for and Against Human Reproductive Cloning (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Bioethics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8519
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Can philosophers come up with persuasive reasons to allow or to ban human reproductive cloning? Yes. Can philosophers agree, locally and temporarily, which practices related to cloning should be condoned and which should be rejected? Some of them can. Can philosophers produce universally convincing arguments for or against different kinds of human cloning? No.This paper analyses some of the main arguments presented by philosophers in the cloning debate, and some of the most important objections against them. The clashes between the schools of thought suggest that philosophers cannot be trusted to provide the public authorities, or the general public, a unified, universally applicable view of the morality of human reproductive cloning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8519.00360
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EUTHANASIA, ETHICS AND ECONOMICS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bioethics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8519
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.1990.tb00076.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering and the risk of harm (1998)
    Springer
    Medicine, health care and philosophy 1 (1998), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8633
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009937922873
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artistic value as an excuse for spreading cinematographic filth (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of value inquiry 29 (1995), S. 469-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0492
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237532
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  • 8
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    Elements of Constraint (1988)
    Wiesbaden : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Analyse und Kritik. 10:1 (1988) 32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0171-5860
    Topics: Sociology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:j415-1988-010-01-000003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the quality of life: Why, how and what? (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 12 (1991), S. 97-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: autonomy ; ethics ; patient self-determination ; quality adjusted life years ; quality of life ; value of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper three questions concerning quality of life in medicine and health care are analysed and discussed: the motives for measuring the quality of life, the methods used in assessing it, and the definition of the concept. The purposes of the study are to find an ethically acceptable motive for measuring the quality of life; to identify the methodological advantages and disadvantages of the most prevalent current methods of measurement; and to present an approach towards measuring and defining the quality of life which evades the difficulties encountered and discussed. The analysis comprises measurements both in the clinical situation concerning individual patients and in research concerning whole populations. Three motives are found for evaluating the quality of human life: allocation of scarce medical resources, facilitating clinical decision making, and assisting patients towards autonomous decision making. It is argued that the third alternative is the only one which does not evoke ethical problems. As for the methods of evaluation, several prevalent alternatives are presented, ranging from scales of physical performance to more subtle psychological questionnaires. Clinical questionnaires are found to fail to provide a scientific foundation for universally measuring the quality of life. Finally, the question of definition is tackled. The classical distinction between need-based and want-based theories of human happiness is presented and discussed. The view is introduced and defended that neither of these approaches can be universally preferred to the other. The difficulty with the need approach is that it denies the subjective aspects of human life; whereas the problem of the want approach is that it tends to ignore some of the objective realities of the human existence. In conclusion, it is argued that the choice of methods as well as definitions should be left to the competent patients themselves — who are entitled, if they so wish, to surrender the judgement to the medical personnel. Technical factors as well as the requirements of respect for autonomy and informed consent support this conclusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489791
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to Apply Ethical Principles to the Biotechnological Production of Food – The Case of Bovine Growth Hormone (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 12 (2000), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Bioethics ; biotechnology ; bovine growth hormone ; bovine somatotrophin ; principlism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Ben Mepham has proposed that a ``matrix'' beused in the analysis of ethical problems in foodproduction and elsewhere. In particular cases, thismatrix would ideally cross the most important moralprinciples involved, and the individuals and groupsaffected by the decisions. In the following, Mepham'smodel is assessed in the case of geneticallyengineered bovine growth hormone. My argument is thata more straightforwardly ``consequentialist'' analysiscan draw attention to the problems of using thehormone better than Mepham's original proposal. It ispossible, however, that some nuances will be lost inthe process. I do not, therefore, argue for theoverall superiority of my suggestion – it is merelya slightly different, and perhaps sometimes a morepromising, way to analyze the ethical dimensions offood production and marketing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009594800384
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