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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer in Multicomponent Ion Exchange. 2. Systems with Irreversible Chemical Reactions in the Film (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 34 (1995), S. 2670-2675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00047a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Physiologie verholzter Achsen (1994)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 250-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Physiologie verholzter Achsen (1994)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 250-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides ofPinus sylvestris L. sapwood and heartwood (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Acylated steryl glycosides ; Heartwood ; Pinus sylvestris ; Sapwood ; Sterylglycosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amounts of steryl glycosides (SG) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) were investigated in the sapwood, transition zone, inner heartwood and outer heartwood ofPinus sylvestris L. Only traces of both sterol derivates were present and their amounts decreased slightly towards the heartwood. The amount of SG decreased nearly to zero in the inner heartwood but the amount of ASG in the inner heartwood increased slightly. The suitability of enzymatic methods in SG and ASG hydrolysis, and sterol and glucose quantitative determinations, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01816818
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids and lipolytic enzymes in the trunkwood ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. during heartwood formation (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 366-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Acyllipids ; Heartwood formation ; Phospholipids ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; Sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The radial distribution of membrane and storage lipids was determined in the trunkwood ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. The trees were felled in November at the time of heartwood formation and fluctuations in the amount and composition of phospholipids, free sterols, steryl esters, diand triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids were investigated across the sapwood-heartwood boundary. The individual compounds were identified and quantified by thin layer chromatography, enzymatic and colorimetric assays, and by capillary gas chromatography. Phospholipids show a significant decrease towards the boundary area, and in the heartwood only trace amounts can be detected. The same pattern is observed for free sterols in the sapwood; in the heartwood, however, they reach maximum values with increasing depth of the trunk. Steryl esters exhibit a complementary behaviour by accumulating at the periphery of the heartwood. No concentration changes are found in the total amounts of diacylglycerols and free fatty acids. In contrast, the triacylglycerol concentration declines steadily across the trunk. With regard to qualitative composition, free fatty acids and the fatty acid moieties of the esterified constituents vary in their chain length from 14 to 24 carbon atoms and have up to three double bonds. A radial gradient in the ratio saturated/unsaturated fatty acids can be observed: except for the phospholipid fraction the relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids increase in centripetal direction. Seven phospholipids were identified: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid, which constitutes the major proportion. In the sterol group, sitosterol is the most abundant component. The composition of the esterified sterols remains constant across the trunk cross-section, whereas the relative frequencies of individual free sterols change markedly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185640
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids and lipolytic enzymes in the trunkwood ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. during heartwood formation (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Acylesterhydrolase ; Heartwood formation ; Lipase ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. ; Phospholipases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The radial profile of lipase and phospholipase activities was determined in the trunkwood ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. The trees were felled in November at the time of heartwood formation and alterations in the enzymatic activities were investigated across the sapwood and heartwood. Methods employed include gaschromatographic, colorimetric and enzymatic assays. On a dry weight basis, the hydrolysis of the artificial substrate pnitrophenylpalmitate shows a maximum activity in growth ring 4; however, the assay has proved not to be specific for lipase. In contrast, lipase analyses (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase; E.C. 3.1.1.3) with an authentic substrate show activity peaks in growth rings 1 and 4. With protein as a reference the highest activity is found in growth ring 5. A similar tendency is observed for phospholipase A1 (E.C. 3.1.1.32) and phospholipase A2 (E.C. 3.1.1.4). Phospholipase C (E.C. 3.1.4.3) activity decreases towards the sapwood-heartwood boundary; negligible traces of activity are detected in the heartwood, whereas, based on the protein content, growth ring 4 yields maximal activity. Phospholipase D (3.1.4.4) exhibits the same radial pattern with regard to protein content as a reference. On a dry weight basis there is a significant increase within the sapwood area, while in the heartwood the activity drastically decreases. The enzyme activities are discussed in relation to degradative processes within the plasma membranes and the hydrolysis of reserve lipids during heartwood formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185641
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble carbohydrates of Pinus sylvestris L. sapwood and heartwood (1989)
    Springer
    Trees 3 (1989), S. 138-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Heartwood ; Pinus sylvestris ; Sapwood ; Soluble carbohydrates ; Starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amounts of glucose, fructose, sucrose, arabinose/galactose, raffinose/stachyose and starch were investigated in the outer sapwood, innermost sapwood, transition zone and heartwood of four stems of Pinus sylvestris L. The samples were taken in October and the determination of the compounds was done enzymatically. It was not possible to distinguish arabinose from galactose and raffinose from stachyose. The amounts of glucose, fructose and sucrose were greatest in the outer sapwood and decreased gradually towards the innermost sapwood and the heartwood. In the outermost heartwood glucose, fructose and sucrose were only present in trace amounts. Raffinose/stachyose showed highest concentrations in the outer sapwood and decreased towards the heartwood. In contrast, the concentrations of arabinose/galactose increased towards the heartwood and the greatest amount was found in the inner heartwood. When identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), arabinose was found to be present in greater amounts than galactose. The amount of starch decreased markedly towards heartwood. However, the amounts of sugars in all the studied stems was very variable. The changes in the amounts of carbohydrates in the different zones of the stems and the possible relationships of these phenomena with heartwood formation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226648
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food reserves of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Trees 6 (1992), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Pinus sylvestris ; Starch ; Sugars ; Triacylglycerols ; Xylem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Starch, soluble sugars, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and free fatty acids were measured in 30-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees during an annual cycle in the sapwood (youngest ten xylem rings). The radial distribution of carbohydrates and lipids was studied in the trunkwood of 90 -to 150-year-old Scots pine trees collected at the end of the growing season. Determination of the compounds was performed using specific enzymatic assays, capillary gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The amounts of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose/arabinose in the sapwood were slightly higher in winter than in summer. Raffinose/stachyose increased up to 5-fold during the cold period. At the beginning of the growing season starch amounts rose, and then decreased in summer and autumn. No concentration changes were observed in the total amounts of diacylglycerols and fatty acids throughout the year. Triacylglycerol levels were slightly higher in February than in summer and autumn. Relative frequencies of individual fatty acids were similar in all lipid fractions. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and triacylglycerols disappeared almost entirely at the transition zone from sapwood to heartwood. In contrast, free fatty acids and galactose/arabinose rose in centripetal direction, and diacylglycerols remained constant across trunk cross-sections. The relative amounts of individual fatty acids changed markedly in the free fatty acid fraction and in the triacylglycerols when crossing the sapwood-heartwood boundary. Concentration changes of reserve materials are discussed in relation to season, mobilization and translocation processes, dormancy, frost resistance, and heartwood formation. The results are compared to those found in needles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202430
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radial and axial gradients of lead concentration in bark and xylem of hardwoods (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2 (1974), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The bark and wood tissues ofRobinia pseudoacacia L.,Tilia cordata Mill., andAcer platanoides L., grown in different localities of Munich with varying traffic intensity, were quantitatively analyzed for lead content in both radial and axial directions. In comparison to the non-heartwood-forming genera (Tilia, Acer) the heartwood-formingRobinia showed distinct differences in radial distribution of lead: the sapwood ofRobinia had higher lead contamination than the heartwood. The innermost heartwood zone of this species had a higher lead content than did the younger heartwood tissue. InTilia andAcer, the wood zones of different ages did not exhibit significant differences in their lead concentrations. The bark surface showed a high lead concentration which could be washed off to a large extent with water. The lead concentration in the trunk ofRobinia was found to increase in basipetal direction. The lead content in bark and sapwood of this species was proportional to the traffic intensity in the neighborhood. The results are discussed in relation to the possible translocation of lead within the trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975468
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food reserves of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Trees 5 (1991), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Food reserves ; Pinus sylvestris ; Starch ; Sugars ; Triacylglycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amounts of starch, soluble sugars, triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and free fatty acids were studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during an annual cycle in current-year needles and in 1-, 2- and 3-year-old needles collected shortly after bud break. Determination of the compounds was performed using specific enzymatic assays, capillary gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Newly emerging needles contained relatively large amounts of starch, but only trace amounts of fat. During autumn and winter, fat content rose, while starch content decreased; amounts of both these reserve materials were very high the next spring shortly before bud break and decreased again during shoot elongation. Concentration of intermediates in triacylglycerol biosynthesis (diacylglycerols and free fatty acids), were low in summer and high in winter. The same pattern was observed for fructose and glucose (the predominant soluble sugars), galactose/arabinose and raffinose/melibiose. In contrast, sucrose concentrations were highest in spring and in autumn. Mature needles of different ages collected in May showed significant differences only in their triacylglycerol and starch content. Concentration changes of reserve materials are discussed in relation to season, mobilization and translocation processes, dormancy, frost resistance and the possibility of carbohydrate-fat interconversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227524
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