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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pulsed and continuous-wave thermal characteristics of external-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3261-3271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The thermal characteristics of p-type substrate external-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (SELDs) under pulsed and continuous-wave operation are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical work establishes models for the current flow, spontaneous emission transfer, heat generation, and temperature rise in the laser. The models incorporate the reduced and anisotropic electrical and thermophysical properties of the Bragg reflectors. The temperature rise at the active region of an external-cavity SELD is determined by measuring the output wavelength as a function of the injection current, modulation frequency, and substrate temperature. Simulation results agree reasonably well with experimental data on the external-cavity SELD. It is shown that the thermal resistance of the studied laser is smaller than previously reported values for the n-type substrate SELDs because of the current spreading in the p-type mirror and its close proximity to the substrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357447
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High single-transverse-mode output from external-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1607-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Room-temperature cw electrically pumped external-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes are reported. The external cavity provides a way to control the transverse modes of the surface-emitting laser diodes. Powers greater than 100 mW pulsed and 2.4 mW cw in the lowest order (TEM00) transverse mode are reported. The surface-emitting laser diode was grown on a p-doped substrate, resulting in uniform current injection in devices as large as 100 μm in diameter. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of a working surface-emitting laser diode grown on a p-type substrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110710
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High single-mode output power from compact external microcavity surface-emitting laser diode (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3265-3267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Transverse mode control is demonstrated in an electrically pumped surface-emitting laser diode coupled to an external microcavity with room-temperature single-mode powers reaching 2.0 mW continuous wave and 36.7 mW pulsed. The wavelength chirp is less than 0.044 nm for the pulsed results. The external microcavity is formed with a flat dielectric mirror placed less than 700 μm from the wafer surface. Diffraction and spatial filtering in the external cavity provide high-order mode suppression and produce a large fundamental mode of width 36 μm. This external cavity geometry readily lends itself to integration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110169
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular beam epitaxy growth method for vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser resonators based on substrate thermal emission (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3774-3776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A molecular beam epitaxy growth monitoring method is developed for distributed Bragg reflectors and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) resonators. The wavelength of the substrate thermal emission that corresponds to the optical cavity resonant wavelength is selected by a monochromator and monitored during growth. This method allows VCSEL cavities of arbitrary design wavelength to be grown with a single control program. This letter also presents a theoretical model for the technique which is based on transmission matrices and simple thermal emission properties. Demonstrated reproducibility of the method is well within 0.1%. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115379
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Blood-Testis Barrier in Culture (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 513 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb25055.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Ecology of Tropical Savannas (1970)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 1 (1970), S. 125-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.001013
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human epidermal melanocyte and keratinocyte melanotropin receptors: visualization by melanotropic peptide conjugated macrospheres (polyamide beads) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 6 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The objectives of this research were to determine whether melanotropin receptors are characteristic membrane markers of human epidermal melanocytes. Methodologies were developed to visualize these receptors by light microscopy. Multiple copies (up to a thousand) of [Nle4,D-Phe7]α-MSH, a superpotent analog of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), were conjugated to a macromolecular carrier, large polyamide beads (macrospheres). Incubation in (the presence of the I conjugated macrospheres resulted in binding of human epidermal melanocytes to the macrospheres. Specificity of the binding of melanocytes of the melanotro-pin-conjugated macrospheres was demonstrated by several studies: (i) Binding of melanocytes to the conjugate was specific since it could be blocked by prior incubation of the cells in the presence of (the unconjugated hormone analog: (ii) The macrospheres after removal of the bound ligand did not bind to the melanocytes: (iii) Another peptide hormone ligand (e.g., a substance-P analog) attached to the macrospheres failed to bind to the melanocytes: (iv) BI6/F10 mouse melanoma cells known lo express melanotropin receptors bound to the macrospheres; (v) Cells of nomnelanocyte origin (e.g., mammary cancer cells, lung cancer cells, fibroblasts) did not bind lo the macrospheres. One exception was that human epidermal keratinocytes also expressed melanotropin receptors as determined by all the criteria established for epidermal melanocyles. Thus, cell specific melanotropin receptors appear to be characteristic cell surface markers of epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00139.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potato Peel Waste: Stability and Antioxidant Activity of a Freeze-Dried Extract (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Aqueous extracts of potato peel waste were freeze-dried. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the freeze-dried extracts revealed that chlorogenic (50.31%), gallic (41.67%), protocatechuic (7.81%), and caffeic (0.21%) acids were the major phenolics. During 15 days storage of the freeze-dried extract, no degradation of phenolics occurred. After 4 days storage at 63°C, 5.00g of sunflower oil containing either the freeze-dried extract (200 ppm) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (200 ppm) reached peroxide values (PV) of 37.38 and 37.47 meq kg-1 respectively. L-ascorbic acid-6-palmitate was the best antioxidant (PV= 10.65 meq kg-1) but the freeze-dried extract was as good as BHA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb08182.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potato Peel Extract a Nonmutagenic Antioxidant with Potential Antimicrobial Activity (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Freeze-dried water extract of potato peels (pp), containing chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids, was tested for effectiveness as a natural antioxidant. The pp was prepared from peel waste of Russet Burbank potatoes. Safety concerns regarding the use of pp in foods were investigated. The pp was examined for mutagenic activity using the in vitro Salmonella typhimurium- Escherichia coli microsome assay and found to be nonmutagenic. Plate count of pp revealed 〈10 CFU/g. The antibacterial activity of the pp was species dependent. It was effective only at high concentration against gram negative and one gram positive bacteria but it was bacteriostatic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb17924.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetic Anomaly over Vema Seamount (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 912-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] This seamount is unique in that it rises to within 40 m of the sea surface from a depth of 4,600 m. The top is essentially flat with a diameter of 10 km, and was probably planed off by wave action at a time when the top was at the surface of the sea. The diameter of the base is about 60 km, as ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/212912a0
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