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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection against Cholera Toxin after Oral Immunization is Thymus-Dependent and Associated with Intestinal Production of Neutralizing IgA Antitoxin (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied whether gut mucosal IgA antitoxin production as well as the acquired protection against cholera toxin (CT) after oral immunization with CT are both thymus-dependent immune manifestations. In contrast to normal BALB/c mice, nude, athymic mice did not respond to oral immunizations with CT with either IgA antitoxin-producing cells (SFC) in the lamina propria or protection against challenge with CT in ligated intestinal loops. However, when nude mice were first reconstituted by grafting of syngeneic thymus glands, both IgA antitoxin SFC in the lamina propria and protection were stimulated by oral immunizations with CT and the responses were of similar magnitude to those of normal mice after immunizations. During in vitro culture, isolated lamina propria lymphocytes from immunized but not from control mice concomitantly and proportionally produced IgA antitoxin and CT-neutralizing activity. We conclude that intestinal antitoxin formation and protection against toxin challenge after oral immunization with CT are both critically thymus-dependent and therefore likely to be under T-cell control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02208.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Radial Diffusion Agar Plaque Technique for Estimation of the Avidity of Bactericidal Antibodies against Vibrio cholerae (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 1 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radial diffusion agar plaque technique is presented for estimation of the average avidity of bactericidal antibodies, based upon quantitative inhibition of the antibodies with free lipopolysaccharide. With this technique and with Vibrio cholerae as model organisms the avidities of vibriocidal rabbit antisera were determined. It appeared that primary response antisera had lower avidity than secondary response antisera, which showed an inverse relation between avidity and booster antigen dose. However, the avidity differences observed in these systems were only 10- to 20-fold, i. e. considerably less than reported for hapten-protein conjugate antigen. Avidity estimations by the Fair ammonium-sulphate precipitation method were in agreement with the results obtained with the described technique. The separated IgG and IgM fractions showed the described relation to immunization schedule; however, the IgM avidity appeared lower than the IgG avidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03300.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Protective Effect against E. coli of O and K Antibodies of Different Immunoglobulin Classes (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 1 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The protective effect of antiserum to E. coli bacteria was studied in intraperitoneally infected mice. It was found that protection was obtained with O and K antibodies. There was no indication that H antibodies could prevent infection. 19S (IgM) and 78 (IgG) antibodies showed about the same protection against infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03732.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton site exchange in (.mu.-H)3M3(CO)9(.mu.3-CH) (M = Ru, Os) (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 26 (1987), S. 3077-3078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00265a033
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen-Specific In Vitro Suppression of Murine Helicobacter pylori-Reactive Immunopathological T Cells by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A Helicobacter pylori-specific in vitro coculture system was established and used to study the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in gastritis development in mice with H. pylori infection. Effects of therapeutic immunization against H. pylori infection on the Treg function were also studied to better understand the mechanisms leading to postimmunization gastritis in these mice. Depletion of Treg led to extensive proliferation to H. pylori antigens of CD4+ T cells isolated from either naïve, H. pylori-infected or H. pylori-immunized mice. Using the Treg-depleted CD4+ T cells from immunized mice as effector cells, we compared the suppressive efficacy of Treg isolated from naïve, infected or immunized mice and found that Treg from naïve mice, and slightly less efficiently from infected mice, suppressed the CD25– effector T-cell response and in most cases were distinctly more efficacious than Treg isolated from immunized mice. The suppressive efficacy of Treg isolated from the differently treated mice correlated closely with production of interleukin-5 (IL-5) by the Treg and suppression of interferon-γ and IL-2 production by the CD25– effector T cells. Our study is the first to demonstrate in H. pylori-induced chronic infection, antigen-specific Treg with differential efficacy in suppressing H. pylori proinflammatory T effector cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01447.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ELISA for the Study of Enterotoxic Diarrhoeal Diseases (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03890.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boosting of Secretory IgA Antibody Responses in Man by Parenteral Cholera Vaccination (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The occurrence of specific antibodies to Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide in serum, milk, and saliva of Pakistani women from a very low socioeconomic group was studied before and after a single subcutaneous cholera vaccination. Before immunization all women had low levels of specific antibodies in serum, primarily of IgM class, and in many cases cholera IgA antibodies were found in milk and saliva as well, indicating earlier natural exposure. The vaccination consistently induced a marked rise in serum antibody titer, and notably also produced significant titer increases in 70% of the milk and in 45% of the saliva samples. Whereas the serum antibodies induced were predominantly of the IgG class, secretory IgA was responsible for most of the titer increase in the secretions. The results indicate that parenteral cholera vaccination can boost local secretory IgA antibody responses in intestinally primed individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb00376.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Intravaginal Vaccination of the Female Genital Tract (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a clinical trial the authors tested whether local intravaginal or oral vaccination would stimulate a mucosal immune response in the female genital tract. The whole cell/B subunit (CTB) oral cholera vaccine was used. Two groups of previously unimmunized volunteers were given three doses of vaccine at 2-week intervals: a first group of seven women received oral immunizations and a second group of seven women were immunized locally in the genital tract by mixing the vaccine with a well defined gel, eldexomer, and applying it directly in the fornix of the vagina. The women were given the first vaccination on day 10 of the menstrual cycle. Sampling of peripheral blood and of cervical mucus (CM) using an Aspiglaire syringe was performed immediately prior to the first dose and at 8–10 days following the last immunization. The study showed that while only three of the seven orally immunized women responded with detectable IgA and IgG anti-CTB antibodies in the genital tract, six out of the seven women in the locally vaccinated group responded with genital tract antibodies. The responses were also generally stronger and CM contained higher specific IgA and secretory component containing anti-CTB titres in the locally vaccinated group. Of the orally vaccinated individuals all responded with increases in serum anti-CTB IgG and 4/7 also exhibited specific IgA serum titres. By contrast, only 3/7 in the intravaginal group responded with increases in serum IgG and IgA anti-CTB titers following immunization. The authors conclude that local intravaginal vaccination using a well-defined gel appears to be the route of choice to stimulate immunity in the female genital tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-320.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nasal Administration of Schistosoma mansoni Egg Antigen-Cholera B Subunit Conjugate Suppresses Hepatic Granuloma Formation and Reduces Mortality in S. mansoni-Infected Mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Granulomatous inflammation in schistosomiasis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by CD4+ T cells specific for parasite egg antigens (Ags). In an attempt to control T-cell responses leading to excessive harmful inflammation and granuloma formation, especially in the liver, BALB/c mice were intranasally (i.n.) treated with soluble Schistosoma mansoni egg Ags (SEA) conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a mucosa-binding protein with demonstrated capacity to suppress inflammatory T-cell functions after mucosal administration. Treatment with CTB–SEA significantly conjugate a reduced liver granuloma formation in infected mice associated with decreased SEA specific Th1- and Th2-type immune responses by liver leukocytes. Importantly, treatment with CTB–SEA conjugate also significantly reduced the mortality in chronically infected mice. In S. mansoni-infected large-granuloma forming CBA mice, i.n. treatment with purified Sm-p40, the major egg antigen, conjugated to CTB likewise significantly inhibited hepatic egg granuloma formation. A reduction of SEA-driven lymphoproliferation and of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production, together with an increase in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production, were observed in splenic cells from CTB-Sm-p40-treated SEA-sensitized mice, as well as in liver leukocytes from CTB-Sm-p40-treated schistosome-infected mice. These results indicate that mucosal administration of SEA or purified Sm-p40 antigen in conjunction with CTB is highly effective in curtailing immunopathologic manifestations of schistosomiasis in vivo in infected hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00977.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization and development of tolerance via the gut (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00326.x
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