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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A turbulent flow model for the rf inductively coupled plasma (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 4178-4185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mathematical representation is given for the turbulent fluid flow and energy transfer in an rf induction plasma. The flow and temperature fields are obtained through the solution of the two-dimensional rotationally symmetric turbulent Navier–Stokes equations along with the energy and the one-dimensional Maxwell's equations for the electric and magnetic fields. The turbulent viscosity is determined using the standard k-ε model. Results are given for an argon plasma under atmospheric conditions. Different aspects of turbulent flows and their implications in rf plasmas are discussed. The results indicate the presence of both laminar and turbulent regimes in the same flow field. The effect of swirl in the plasma gas is to increase the overall turbulence level in the torch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343297
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High prevalence of IgE antibodies among blood donors in Sweden and Norway (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Reactions after a blood transfusion could be allergic because of passive transfer of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from allergic donors.Aims of the study:  To compare spectrum and prevalence of IgE antibodies in blood donors from Sweden and Norway.Methods:  Using the ImmunoCAP method, serum samples from 1002 blood donors from Sweden and 500 from Norway were analysed for IgE antibodies to common inhalant and food allergens and allergens common in a hospital environment, such as penicilloyl G and latex.Results:  As many as 23.6–27.3% of the donors had IgE antibodies to at least one of the 14 allergens tested. Of these 6.8–16.7% had extremely high concentrations, i.e. 〉35 kUA/l corresponding to 100 times the cut-off for a positive allergy test. Most donors were sensitized to pollens, dander and mite but several had very high levels of IgE antibodies to penicilloyl G, latex and peanut. The pattern of sensitizing allergens differed between Sweden and Norway.Conclusions:  High serum levels of IgE antibodies to various allergens are common among blood donors and the degree of sensitization and spectrum of involved allergen varies between geographical regions. Present routines to identify IgE sensitized, potential risk, donors are not satisfactory; the sensitivity of selection procedures is about 25%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00896.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive IgE-sensitization by blood transfusion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  To study the mechanisms of passive sensitization of patients receiving plasma containing IgE antibodies to a defined allergen.Methods:  When required for medical reasons, regular donor plasma with IgE antibodies to timothy grass allergen (8–205 kUA/l), was given. Kinetics of IgE antibodies in the recipients’ serum and his/her basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, was monitored up to 2–3 weeks after transfusion. The IgE antibodies were quantitated by ImmunoCAP. The CD-sens in plasma recipients, determined by CD63 up-regulation, was measured by flow cytometry and compared to CD-sens of patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis.Results:  There was a significant correlation (r = 0.98; P 〈 0.001) between amount of IgE antibody given and recipient serum peak concentration. The T1/2 for IgE antibody in circulation was 1.13 days (95% confidence limit 0.35–1.91 days). The recipients became CD-sens positive already 3 h after transfusion. The CD-sens peak was observed after 3.4 days and the value were correlated (r = 0.68; P 〈 0.02) to the amount of IgE antibody transfused and were of the same magnitude as found in allergic patients. The T1/2 of CD-sens indicated two populations of basophils; one with a CD-sens decrease T1/2 of 4 days and one of 10 days.Conclusion:  Transfused IgE antibodies will sensitize mast cells and basophils to CD-sens levels similar to those of allergic patients. The recipients expressed ‘slow’ or ‘rapid’ CD-sens decline, indicating two different basophil populations. After transfusion of plasma with 〉10 kUA/l IgE antibody the recipient could have allergen reactive basophils for up to 7 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00870.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergen Challenge Alters Intracellular Cytokine Expression (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and engages cascades of events in the cytokine network. We, therefore, investigated the impact of bronchial allergen challenge in humans on the cytokine profile of circulating lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with allergic asthma were collected before and 24 h after allergen provocation. Patients who mounted a late-phase reaction were designated dual responders opposite to single responders. Whole blood cells were stimulated by mitogen and intracellular interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected by flow cytometry. The allergen challenge induced a decrease in IL-4+CD4+ cells in the patients (P = 0.05), and a significant decrease (P 〈 0.05) in IFN-γ+CD4+ cells was noted in single, but not dual, responders. In addition, there was a significant difference (P 〈 0.01) with respect to the changes in the IFN-γ+CD4+ cells comparing dual and single responders. No corresponding changes were observed in CD8+ cells. The data suggest a possible on-going traffic of IFN-γ and IL-4+CD4+ lymphocytes into the bronchial mucosa in relation to an allergen challenge and generate the hypothesis that a difference exists between single and dual responders in this respect. Because the CD4+IFN-γ-producing cells have the capacity to downregulate the T-helper type 2 response, a reduced capacity in this aspect might contribute to the pathophysiology in dual responders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01641.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial and fungal agents in house dust and wheeze in children: the PARSIFAL study (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Growing up on a farm and an anthroposophic lifestyle are associated with a lower prevalence of allergic diseases in childhood. This might be related to increased inhalatory exposure to microbial agents.Objective To assess the association between microbial agents in house dust and atopic wheeze in farm children, Steiner school children and reference children.Methods Levels of bacterial endotoxin, fungal β(1,3)-glucans and fungal extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) in mattress and living room floor dust were measured in a population of 270 atopic (=Phadiatop-positive) children with self-reported wheezing, including 168 current atopic wheezers, and 441 non-atopic, non-symptomatic controls. These children were selected from a cross-sectional study in five European countries.Results In the study population as a whole, average levels of mattress dust endotoxin, EPS and glucans were slightly (1.1–1.2-fold; P〈0.10) higher in control children than in atopic wheezers. Atopic wheeze was related to mattress levels of endotoxin, EPS and glucans in farm and farm-reference children. However, when adjusting for group (farm vs. farm-reference children), the associations became non-significant whereas the group effect remained. No associations between atopic wheeze and microbial agents were observed in Steiner and Steiner-reference children. For current atopic wheeze, the farm effect became non-significant after adjustment for microbial agent levels.Conclusion Not only bacterial endotoxin but also mould components might offer some protection against atopic wheeze in children. However, the protective effect of being raised on a farm was largely unexplained by the mattress microbial agent levels measured in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02339.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens among blood donors in Kuwait - a desert country (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kuwait is a desert country where the prevailing high temperatures, low humidity, and scant vegetation suggest a low prevalence of allergy. We evaluated the prevalence of atopic sensitization (presence of allergen-specific IgE) among young adult blood donors by screening a total of 505 subjects (male : female ratio 1.6) with mean age of 28.4 years (range 18–50 years). The Pharmacia CAP-Phadiatop® test, which detects serum IgE specific to most common airborne allergens, was used. Some of the specific sensitizing allergens were also identified by the related CAP-RAST method. Sensitization was detected in 223 of the 505 subjects (44.2%) screened. Kuwaiti nationals had a significantly higher prevalence rate (50.2%) than non-Kuwaitis (34.2%) (χ2= 8.6, P〈0.003). The highest prevalence rate was found among male Kuwaitis (53.8%). The prevalence of current or previous allergic disease (subject-reported) was 20.6%. Bermuda grass, house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), and Chenopodium album were the most prevalent sensitizing allergens, with frequencies of 53.6%, 52.7%, and 50.9%, respectively, among the sensitized subjects (corresponding to 23.7%, 23.3%, and 22.5%, respectively) for the entire population. Sensitization increased with age, but only among the expatriates, younger Kuwaitis being as frequently sensitized as the older ones. Polysensitization was found to be common. Of the 109 CAP-RAST-positive subjects, 71 (65.1%) were sensitized to more than one allergen, and 30 of these (42.3%) were sensitized to four or more allergens. These results show that atopy is highly prevalent among young adults in Kuwait, and the higher prevalence rate among nationals than expatriates suggests the involvement of genetic or local environmental factors. The results also confirm that mite and plant pollens may be major sensitizing allergens even in a desert environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02523.x
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