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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymeric and Monomeric IgA Response in Serum and Milk after Parenteral Cholera and Oral Typhoid Vaccination (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of vaccinating lactating Pakistani mothers with a combination of live oral typhoid vaccine and parenteral inactivated cholera vaccine on specific milk and serum IgA antibodies in both monomeric (m) and polymeric (p) forms was analysed. IgA antibody titres peaked for both antigenic specificities 2 weeks after the first dose of vaccine. 82±7% of anti-Vibrio cholerae and 72±17% of anti-Salmonella typhi IgA were in the polymeric form. These serum pIgA antibodies were mainly dimeric IgA, not complexed with the secretory component. They disappeared more rapidly from serum than mIgA antibodies. Anti-V. cholerae IgA responses were parallel in serum and milk samples, whereas anti-S. typhi responses were dissociated. In milk, IgA antibodies were secretory IgA for both antigenic specificities, being probably of local origin in the mammary gland. Our results indicate that both oral and parenteral vaccinations can induce pIgA antibodies in serum and secretions, confirming that the presence of pIgA in serum does not necessarily reflect an immune stimulation only at the mucosal level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01474.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrant IgG2 Antibody Response to Neisseria Meningitidis Polysaccharide A After Vaccination in Frequently Infected Compared to Healthy IgA-Deficient Individuals (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In search for a possible explanation of the phenotypic heterogeneity in selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency, we studied the IgG2 antibody response to meningococcal polysaccharide A (PSA) in IgA-deficient (IgAd) individuals after vaccination with meningococcal A + C polysaccharide vaccine. Two groups of IgAd individuals, one frequently infected and one clinically apparently healthy, as well as healthy controls, were studied. In response to meningococcal A + C polysaccharide vaccine, a significant titre increase of specific IgG2 anti-PSA was found in 71% of the control individuals, in 50% of the healthy and in 42% of the infection-prone IgAd individuals. The specific IgG2 response against meningococcal PSA was significantly lower in the infection-prone IgAd individuals compared to the controls (P 〈 0.05). Among the IgAd individuals who responded with a significant IgG2 antibody increase, the IgG2 antibody response was significantly lower in the infection-prone than in the healthy IgAd individuals (P 〈 0.05). Thus, a limited capacity to mount a specific IgG2 response may suggest a more profound antibody maturation defect in infection-prone IgAd patients compared to healthy IgAd individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01459.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haplotypes of the interleukin-4 receptor α chain gene associate with susceptibility to and severity of atopic asthma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Development of asthma is likely to depend on a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Several groups have suggested the gene of the IL-4 receptor α chain (IL4R) as a candidate gene for the development of asthma, although association with single polymorphisms has shown contradicting results.Objective We chose to analyse IL4R gene haplotypes and assess their possible relevance in susceptibility to asthma and to certain clinical phenotypes.Methods IL4R gene haplotypes were analysed, based on the three markers C-3223T, Q551R and I50V, using the expectation–maximization algorithm, in 170 atopic asthma patients and 350 controls, all adult Swedish Caucasians.Results Our data showed significantly higher levels of soluble IL-4R (sIL-4R) in asthma patients compared with controls (P〈0.0001). Furthermore, we showed a significant association between the IL4R haplotype containing the alleles T-3223, V50 and R551 (TVR) of the IL4R gene, and susceptibility to atopic asthma, with a frequency of 6.5% in the patients compared with 1% in the controls (P〈0.0005). A subgroup of patients with heterozygous or homozygous state for the T-3223, V50 and R551 alleles, also had lower levels of sIL-4R in their circulation compared with patients with homozygous state in the C-3223, I50 and Q551 alleles (P〈0.05) and showed less severe asthma according to lung function test (P〈0.05). Analysis of single markers showed the T-3223 IL4R allele to associate with lower serum levels of sIL-4 receptor (P〈0.0001) and patients carrying the T allele also had more symptoms of active asthma (wheezing, P〈0.01; coughing, P〈0.05 and breathing difficulties, P〈0.01).Conclusion Our data suggest that asthmatic patients with low levels of sIL-4 receptor may represent a genetically distinct subgroup of atopic asthma. TVR haplotype analyses confirm the importance of IL4R as a candidate gene for susceptibility to asthma. This finding may have implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and possibly for the development of more specific therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02069.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences within Mono- and Dizygotic Twin-Pairs in Spectrotypes and Clones of IgG2 Antibodies to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Type 1 and C-Polysaccharide After Vaccination (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Spectrotypes and clones of antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (Ps) type 1 and C-polysaccharide (C-Ps) were determined before and after immunization with a polyvalent pneumococcal Ps vaccine in 84 mono- or dizygotic twins. The method used was a micromodification of a rapid isoelectric focusing-amnity (lEF-affinity) immunoblot technique in agarose permitting characterization of isotype, light chain and Gm type. After vaccination the anti-type 1 Ps + anti-C-Ps clones were different in 75% of the monozygotic and 79% of the dizygotic twins. The anti-type 1 Ps clones differed among 72% of the monozygotic and 85% of the dizygotic twins (P 〉 0.05). Each twin had from zero to three clones producing IgG2 antibodies against type 1 Ps, A total of six different clones could be distinguished among all the twins. Vaccination enhanced the already actively secreting B-cell clones in 56 twins and newly recruited clones in 11 of the 84 twins; six among the 48 mono- and five among the 36 dizygotic twins. These new clones differed among the twins. Spectrotypes varied between all twins within the pairs. The fact that all twins differed in spectrotype is due to post-translational microheterogenity of the antibodies, events which are thus not genetically determined. The observation that even mono zygotic twins possessed and responded with different clones within the pairs indicates that the V-region genes, which determine the final specificity of B cells, either differ from the original germ-line V region genes, e. g. owing to hypermutations or junctional diversity, or the rearranged germ-line genes occur accidentally although highly restricted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03484.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avidity of IgA Antibody to Escherichia coli Polysaccharide and Diphtheria Toxin in Breast Milk from Swedish and Pakistani Mothers (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The avidity of breast milk IgA antibody was studied with the aid of thiocyanate elution of antibody from solid-phase bound E. coli polysaccharides and diphtheria toxoid. The relative avidity index for each sample was determined by the molarity of thiocyanate required to elute 50% of the bound IgA antibody under conditions of antigen excess. Milk samples collected from Pakistani mothers during early lactation (2–4 weeks after delivery; n= 12) had a significantly lower median relative avidity index of IgA antibody to E. coli antigens than did early lactation samples from Swedish mothers (n= 11; avidity indices 1.78 m and 2.65 m; P〈0.02). Samples collected from Pakistani mothers in mid-lactation showed a significant rise in the relative avidity index to a median of 2.50 m (P〈0.01), with a subsequent fall in late lactation (28–36 weeks after delivery) to 1.75 m (P〈0.01). Milk samples from Pakistani mothers in mid-lactation (n= 12) also had a lower median relative avidity index of IgA antibody to diphtheria toxoid than did samples from Swedish mothers (n= 14;avidity indices 2.35 m and 4.30 m; P〈0.002). The lower avidity of breast milk IgA in Pakistani mothers in comparison with Swedish mothers may arise from differences in antigen exposure or nutritional status or could possibly be genetically determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01512.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Importance of G1m and 2 Allotypes for the IgG2 Antibody Levels and Avidity Against Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Type 1 Within Mono- and Dizygotic Twin-Pairs (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighty-two mono-or dizygotic Caucasian twins vaccinated with a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, who had previously had their IgG2 antibody levels to pneumococcus type 1 determined before and after vaccination, were included in this study. Their IgG2 antibody levels were related to their G1m and G2m allotypes/phenotypes and their Gm amounts.Eight different Gm phenotypes were found and characteristically IgG2 antibody levels were related to them. G2m (n) homozygotic twins had significantly higher IgG2 levels than heterozygotic twins who had significantly higher levels than G2m (-n) homozygotic twins (P 〈0.05). The G1m allotype, on the other hand was without influence on the IgG2 levels and so were the Gm amounts among G2m (n) heterozygotic twins. The IgG2 antibody avidities were not related to Gm allotypes but significantly correlated to IgG2 levels (P = 0.05). Finally, a highly significant intra-pair correlation was found for avidity in the monozygotic twins supporting a genetic regulation of avidity (P 〈0.002).These results may explain our earlier findings that IgG2 antibody levels after pneumococcal vaccination are significantly more closely correlated within mono-compared to dizygotic twins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03458.x
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