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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 90 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In an extension of earlier work relating social-relationship variables to post-treatment abstinence from abused drugs, 104 cocaine users were studied for 6 months after completing drug treatment. Social-relationship variables included social integration, perceived support and social-network cocaine use. The effects of social relationships on cocaine abstinence tended to be conditional on race. Greater social integration predicted abstinence for Caucasian Ss (n = 54), but not African-Americans (n = 50). Similar results occurred for perceived support. Social network drug-use data also showed race differences: the absence of current cocaine users and the presence of former users predicted abstinence only for Caucasians. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by the relationship we observed between race and route of cocaine administration, with African-American Ss far more likely than Caucasians to be crack smokers or injection users as compared to intranasal users. The effects of race could not be disentangled from the effects of route. Future studies of social relationships and cocaine abstinence should focus on identifying social factors that are protective for African-Americans and for smokers/injectors. Such studies are critical precursors to designing successful social-support interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  To compare the cost and cost-effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment and 180-day methadone detoxification enriched with psychosocial services.Design  Randomized controlled study conducted from May 1995 to April 1999.Setting  Research clinic in an established drug treatment program.Participants  One hundred and seventy-nine adults with diagnosed opioid dependence.Intervention  Patients were randomized to methadone maintenance (n = 91), which required monthly 1 hour/week of psychosocial therapy during the first 6 months or 180-day detoxification (n = 88), which required 3 hours/week of psychosocial therapy and 14 education sessions during the first 6 months.Measurements  Total health-care costs and self-reported injection drug use. A two-state Markov model was used to estimate quality-adjusted years of survival.Findings  Methadone maintenance produced significantly greater reductions in illicit opioid use than 180-day detoxification during the last 6 months of treatment. Total health-care costs were greater for maintenance than detoxification treatment ($7564 versus $6687; P 〈 0.001). Although study costs were significantly higher for methadone maintenance than detoxification patients ($4739 versus $2855, P 〈 0.001), detoxification patients incurred significantly higher costs for substance abuse and mental health care received outside the study. Methadone maintenance may provide a modest survival advantage compared with detoxification. The cost per life-year gained is $16 967. Sensitivity analysis revealed a cost-effectiveness ratio of less than $20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year over a wide range of modeling assumptions.Conclusions  Compared with enriched detoxification services, methadone maintenance is more effective than enriched detoxification services with a cost-effectiveness ratio within the range of many accepted medical interventions and may provide a survival advantage. Results provide additional support for the use of sustained methadone therapy as opposed to detoxification for treating opioid addiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 37 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Helminthosporium solani were obtained from potato tubers and cultured on agar containing thiabendazole. Some grew on agar containing 100 mg/l and these were classified as resistant, whereas sensitive isolates produced no mycelial growth on agar containing 5 mg/l. Isolates were also found that were intermediate in their sensitivity to the fungicide. All isolates from Scottish virus tested stem cutting stocks (VTSC) on two farms were resistant whereas those from another farm were sensitive to the fungicide. The proportion of resistant isolates from eight English once-grown seed stocks ranged from 0 to 96%. There has been no previous report of fungicide resistance in H. solani and the possible reasons for these results and their implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: imazalil ; resistance ; black scurf ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed tubers, cv. Désirée, derived from stocks treated annually with thiabendazole were infected with thiabendazole-resistant strains ofHelminthosporium solani andPolyscytalum pustulans. Samples of seed tubers were either untreated or immersed for 5 min in fungicide suspensions of thiabendazole, imazalil or thiabendazole plus imazalil and planted on four farms in 1988 and 1989. After harvest, tuber samples from each treatment were treated with thiabendazole and stored for 6 months. Applying imazalil or thiabendazole plus imazalil to seed tubers decreased the severity of silver scurf and skin spot on stored progeny tubers. Thiabendazole applied to seed tubers or to progeny tubers after harvest did not affect the severity of either disease, but post-harvest treatment decreased the incidence of black scurf after storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: stolon infection ; stem height ; foliage weight ; tuber number ; tuber size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Different amounts ofRhizoctonia solani inoculum were applied to sprouted and non-sprouted seed tubers cultivar Désirée during planting in field experiments at Rothamsted in 1984 and 1985. Severity of stem canker and stolon infection increased with increasing amounts of inoculum; with small or medium amounts these infections were most severe on plants from sprouted seed. In 1985 plants grown from non-sprouted, seed had most stem canker when large amounts of inoculum were applied. Severe infection following high inoculum levels delayed shoot emergence, increased the variability in stem height and decreased the mean height of stems and weight of foliage but did not affect the number of stems per plant or final plant populations. Tuber initiation was delayed and tuber numbers slightly decreased by severe infection and at harvest the size distribution of tubers was altered. Tuber yields from severely infected plants were decreased by 15% (sprouted seed) and 19% (non-sprouted seed) in 1984 and by 17 and 28% respectively in 1985.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: harvest date ; silver scurf ; black dot ; black scurf ; golding blotch ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plots of potato plants were watered to field capacity one day before harvest on three dates, and tubers from watered and non-watered plots were stored at 7°C and 95% RH immediately or after curing at 15°C either at 80% or 95% RH. Watering increased the severity of silver scurf after storage when tubers were not cured. Curing at 80% RH decreased the disease and amounts were similar from watered and non-watered plants. Black dot was increased by watering whereas black scurf and golding blotch were decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Storite ; Extratect ; imazalil ; culture tests ; chlamydospores ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed tubers were immersed in suspensions of thiabendazole (Storite) or thiabendazole plus imazalil (Extratect) at different concentrations and planted in a field experiment. During the following 2 years samples of the produce were planted after treatment with the same fungicide formulation used on the seed. Silver scurf on daughter tubers decreased as concentrations of fungicide increased and Extratect gave better disease control than Storite applied at the same thiabendazole concentration. Isolates ofH. solani resistant to thiabendazole were found on seed tubers 6 weeks after treatment with Storite, and also on daughter tubers after the first application of the higher rates of Storite; their incidence increased with further annual treatments. In 3 years no thiabendazole-resistant isolates were found after treatment with Extratect. Chlamydospores ofH. solani developed when sensitive isolates were subcultured onto agar containing thiabendazole. Isolates sensitive to thiabendazole were slightly more sensitive to imazalil than resistant ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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